信息不完整 “山蘇彞語研究 [Studies on the Hlersu language]” . Xu, Xianmin 許鮮明, and Bibo Bai 白碧波 (2013) Ethnic Publishing House (民族出版社)
易危
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~15000
15737
95% of the ethnic Hlersu can speak their heritage language. A majority of them live in remote mountainous regions, and the literacy within the communities is very low.
信息日期
2010
使用领域
使用者趋势
传承情况
更多关于活力的信息
Most group members speak Hlersu as their dominant language. Only those living in Yulongzhai 玉龍寨 have intergenerational transmission problem.
政府的支持
no
相关机构的支持
no
该群体使用的其他语言
Nasu; Nisu; Niesu; Mandarin
语言环境评论
Only educated people can speak Mandarin, and people above 50 are usually illiterate. Nasu, Nisu, and Niesu, all of which are Loloish, are used in daily life when interacting with outside members.
地点
Yunnan 雲南, China
地点描述
Xinping 新平, Yuanjiang 元江, and Esan 峨山 Autonomous Counties governed by Yuxi City 玉溪市
信息不完整 “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
近危
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,780
信息日期
2000
地点
Myanmar; China
信息不完整 “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
易危
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
15,000
Classified in the Yi nationality. Hlersu is the group's autonym. Shansu (or in the local pronunciation Sansu) is the Nisu (and hence Chinese) name for this group. Lesu is the Chesu name for them.
该群体使用的其他语言
Chinese
Nisu
语言环境评论
Some Nisu and Chesu speak Sansu, and some Sansu speak Nisu and/or Chesu.
地点
Yunnan, China
地点描述
Northwest Xinping County; also scattered in adjacent areas of Shuangbai, Jinping, Shiping, Zhenyuan and Eshan counties.