Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Shansu, Lesu, Sansu, 勒蘇, 山蘇, 散蘇, 勒寺帕 [ɬɛɾ55 sɿ55 pha21], 勒寺潑 [ɬɛɾ55 sɿ55 pho21]
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		hle
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		classified under the Yi Nationality

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Information from: “山蘇彞語研究 [Studies on the Hlersu language]” . Xu, Xianmin 許鮮明, and Bibo Bai 白碧波 (2013) Ethnic Publishing House (民族出版社)

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~15000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
15737
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
95% of the ethnic Hlersu can speak their heritage language. A majority of them live in remote mountainous regions, and the literacy within the communities is very low.

DATE OF INFO: 2010

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Most group members speak Hlersu as their dominant language. Only those living in Yulongzhai 玉龍寨 have intergenerational transmission problem.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Nasu; Nisu; Niesu; Mandarin

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Only educated people can speak Mandarin, and people above 50 are usually illiterate. Nasu, Nisu, and Niesu, all of which are Loloish, are used in daily life when interacting with outside members.

PLACES: Yunnan 雲南, China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Xinping 新平, Yuanjiang 元江, and Esan 峨山 Autonomous Counties governed by Yuxi City 玉溪市

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,780
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2000

PLACES: Myanmar; China

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
15,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Classified in the Yi nationality. Hlersu is the group's autonym. Shansu (or in the local pronunciation Sansu) is the Nisu (and hence Chinese) name for this group. Lesu is the Chesu name for them.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: Some Nisu and Chesu speak Sansu, and some Sansu speak Nisu and/or Chesu.

PLACES: Yunnan, China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Northwest Xinping County; also scattered in adjacent areas of Shuangbai, Jinping, Shiping, Zhenyuan and Eshan counties.

9787105131006		2013	山蘇彞語研究 [Studies on the Hlersu language]			in Chinese		Ethnic Publishing House (民族出版社)	Beijing		Xu, Xianmin 許鮮明, and Bibo Bai 白碧波	Xu, Xianmin 許鮮明, and Bibo Bai 白碧波. 2013. 山蘇彞語研究 [Studies on the Hlersu language]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House (民族出版社).		15737	~15000	2010	10000-99999	95% of the ethnic Hlersu can speak their heritage language. A majority of them live in remote mountainous regions, and the literacy within the communities is very low.	Nasu; Nisu; Niesu; Mandarin	no	Only educated people can speak Mandarin, and people above 50 are usually illiterate. Nasu, Nisu, and Niesu, all of which are Loloish, are used in daily life when interacting with outside members.	no	many	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	Most group members speak Hlersu as their dominant language. Only those living in Yulongzhai 玉龍寨 have intergenerational transmission problem.	12	10	Yunnan 雲南, China	Xinping 新平, Yuanjiang 元江, and Esan 峨山 Autonomous Counties governed by Yuxi City 玉溪市	23.38, 101.16; 23.19, 101.39; 24.01, 101.52
		2007	East and Southeast Asia	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	349-424		C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge			David Bradley	Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		15,000		10000-99999	Classified in the Yi nationality. Hlersu is the group's autonym. Shansu (or in the local pronunciation Sansu) is the Nisu (and hence Chinese) name for this group. Lesu is the Chesu name for them.	Chinese, Nisu		Some Nisu and Chesu speak Sansu, and some Sansu speak Nisu and/or Chesu.			Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Yunnan, China	Northwest Xinping County; also scattered in adjacent areas of Shuangbai, Jinping, Shiping, Zhenyuan and Eshan counties.	24.622, 101.482
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)				M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		4,780	2000	1000-9999							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Myanmar; China

Hlersu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~15000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,780

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

15,000

Discussion

Hlersu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~15000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,780

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

15,000

Discussion

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Sources of information

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