La información está incompleta “山蘇彞語研究 [Studies on the Hlersu language]” . Xu, Xianmin 許鮮明, and Bibo Bai 白碧波 (2013) Ethnic Publishing House (民族出版社)
Susceptible de extinción
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~15000
15737
95% of the ethnic Hlersu can speak their heritage language. A majority of them live in remote mountainous regions, and the literacy within the communities is very low.
FECHA DE INFORMACIÓN
2010
DOMINIOS DE USO
TENDENCIAS DE HABLANTES
TRANSMISIÓN
MÁS SOBRE LA VITALIDAD
Most group members speak Hlersu as their dominant language. Only those living in Yulongzhai 玉龍寨 have intergenerational transmission problem.
APOYO GUBERNAMENTAL
no
APOYO INSTITUCIONAL
no
OTRAS LENGUAS UTILIZADAS POR LA COMUNIDAD
Nasu; Nisu; Niesu; Mandarin
COMENTARIOS SOBRE CONTEXTO DE LA LENGUA
Only educated people can speak Mandarin, and people above 50 are usually illiterate. Nasu, Nisu, and Niesu, all of which are Loloish, are used in daily life when interacting with outside members.
LUGARES
Yunnan 雲南, China
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA UBICACIÓN
Xinping 新平, Yuanjiang 元江, and Esan 峨山 Autonomous Counties governed by Yuxi City 玉溪市
La información está incompleta “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
Susceptible de extinción
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
15,000
Classified in the Yi nationality. Hlersu is the group's autonym. Shansu (or in the local pronunciation Sansu) is the Nisu (and hence Chinese) name for this group. Lesu is the Chesu name for them.
OTRAS LENGUAS UTILIZADAS POR LA COMUNIDAD
Chinese
Nisu
COMENTARIOS SOBRE CONTEXTO DE LA LENGUA
Some Nisu and Chesu speak Sansu, and some Sansu speak Nisu and/or Chesu.
LUGARES
Yunnan, China
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA UBICACIÓN
Northwest Xinping County; also scattered in adjacent areas of Shuangbai, Jinping, Shiping, Zhenyuan and Eshan counties.
La información está incompleta “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
Con amenaza de extinción
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available