Information from: “Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation.” . Jamin Pelkey (2011) De Gruyter Mouton
Vulnerable
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
26,000
28,000
DATE OF INFO
2005
DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
MORE ON VITALITY
People speak Southern Muji in daily life and is learned by children as their L1.
SPEAKER ATTITUDE
positive
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
no
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
no
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
(Southwestern) Mandarin; Hani
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS
Southern Muji is the medium of daily life communication, and is normally learned by children as L1. Community announcements and meetings are all in Southern Muji. But some children living in Jinhezhen (金河鎮), near Jinping County (金平縣), Yunnan Province (雲南省), can't speak Southern Muji at all. People over age 7, as long as they go to school, they start to learn Mandarin, the official language of China. One third of male Southern Muji living in Pujiazhai (普家寨) of Yunnan Province can also speak Hani.
Scripts (Writing system)
no
PLACES
Yunnan Province of China
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
mainly dwelling in Shayipo, Dazhai and Adebo Townships of northern Jinping County; also in Tongchang Township of southwestern Jinping County, Fengchuling Township of eastern Yuanyang County, southeastern Shuitian Township of southern Mengzi County, Manhao Township of southeastern Gejiu County. There are two Southern Muji speaking villages in Lai Chau Province in Vietnam.
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
Vulnerable
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
26,000
MORE ON VITALITY
The number of speakers is increasing.
PLACES
China;
Information from: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing