Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Cambap, Tiwa (Northern)
CLASSIFICATION		Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Benue-Congo, Northern Bantoid
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		twn
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “Endangered Languages in Central Africa” (163-178) . Bruce Connell (2007) , Matthias Brenzinger · Mouton de Gruyter

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~30
Native speakers worldwide

TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<1,000
Native speakers worldwide

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: "[Cambap's] speakers are bilingual in another variety of Mambiloid, Kwanja, which is now spoken as a first language."

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Western Cameroon;

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
30
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
250

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
30
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
<1,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from B. Connell (2000). Ethnic population: 1,000 or fewer (SIL 1991).

PLACES: Cameroon;

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
30
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
35
Native speakers worldwide

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"The youngest speaker is about 50 years old, though some younger Camba appear to be showing some interest in learning the language and understand it to some extent."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Kwanja
Fulfulde
Mambila

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"All Cambap speakers now speak primarly Kwanja; which dialect depends on the village... In most cases it is the Sundani dialect which is favoured, though some use Ndung. Many are able to speak Kwanja dialects; in addition, many have some command of Fulfulde and some speak a variety of Mambila."

PLACES: Nigeria, Cameroon

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Cambap speakers (who call themselves Camba) are found in a number of Kwanja villages, and although three villages in the area, Sango, Camba, and Ndem Ndem are said to be Camba villages, there is no concentration of Cambap speakers in any of them... According to oral tradition, Cambap... is now removed from the area where it was originally spoken... the region around Djeni Mountain."

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~35
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"Twendi has approximately 35 speakers still actively using the language, with the youngest being in his mid-forties."

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"The language is not being transmitted to the younger generations."

	May		5469	2000	Learning the World's Languages Before They Vanish		1156-1159			Science	288				http://www.jstor.org/stable/3075227?origin=JSTOR-pdf	Bernice Wuethrich	Wuethrich, Bernice. 2000. "Learning the World's Languages Before They Vanish." In Science, 288: 1156-1159. Online: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3075227?origin=JSTOR-pdf.		250	30	10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		16		2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX			http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	<1,000	30	10-99	Data for the number of native speakers comes from B. Connell (2000). Ethnic population: 1,000 or fewer (SIL 1991).				Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Cameroon;		6.120244, 11.488438
3-89645-305-X				1998	Moribund Languages of the Nigeria-Cameroon Borderland	Endangered Languages in Africa	207-225	Matthias Brenzinger	Köppe Verlag			Köln				Bruce Connell	Bruce Connell. 1998. "Moribund Languages of the Nigeria-Cameroon Borderland." In Endangered Languages in Africa, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 207-225. Köppe Verlag.			35	10-99		Kwanja, Fulfulde, Mambila	"All Cambap speakers now speak primarly Kwanja; which dialect depends on the village... In most cases it is the Sundani dialect which is favoured, though some use Ndung. Many are able to speak Kwanja dialects; in addition, many have some command of Fulfulde and some speak a variety of Mambila."	All	Severely Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	"The youngest speaker is about 50 years old, though some younger Camba appear to be showing some interest in learning the language and understand it to some extent."	13	15	Nigeria, Cameroon	"Cambap speakers (who call themselves Camba) are found in a number of Kwanja villages, and although three villages in the area, Sango, Camba, and Ndem Ndem are said to be Camba villages, there is no concentration of Cambap speakers in any of them... According to oral tradition, Cambap... is now removed from the area where it was originally spoken... the region around Djeni Mountain."
9783110170498				2007	Endangered Languages in Central Africa	Language Diversity Endangered	163-178	Matthias Brenzinger	Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin				Bruce Connell	Bruce Connell. 2007. "Endangered Languages in Central Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 163-178. Mouton de Gruyter.			~30	10-99		Kwanja;			Severely Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14
				1996	A Comparative Survey of Mambila Dialects								Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology University of Oxford		http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/VIMS/connell/project.html	Bruce Connell	Connell, B. 1996. A Comparative Survey of Mambila Dialects. Research project funded by the ESRC, # R 000 23 5283. Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology University of Oxford. Online: http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/VIMS/connell/project.html			~35	10-99	"Twendi has approximately 35 speakers still actively using the language, with the youngest being in his mid-forties."				Severely Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	"The language is not being transmitted to the younger generations."
					World Oral Literature Project										http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			30	10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9780700711970				2007	Africa	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages		Christopher Moseley	Routledge					7		Gerrit J. Dimmendaal and F. K. Erhard Voeltz	Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. and F. K. Erhard Voeltz. 2007. "Africa." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Moseley. Routledge.			<1,000	100-999		Kwanja;	"[Cambap's] speakers are bilingual in another variety of Mambiloid, Kwanja, which is now spoken as a first language."		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Western Cameroon;

Twendi

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~30

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,000

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Severely endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

35

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~35

Discussion

Twendi

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~30

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,000

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Severely endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

35

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~35

Discussion

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