Manchu
[, другое название: Man, Mandschurisch, Mandschu]Классификация: Tungusic
·на грани исчезновения
Классификация: Tungusic
·на грани исчезновения
Информация из: “Red Book on Endangered Languages: Northeast Asia” . Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen (2000)
~5,000,000
0
0
0
The official number [of the ethnic population] has fluctuated greatly depending on the ethnopolitical circumstances in the country.
Chinese
Degree of speakers' competence: mainly rudimentary, with some non-fluent individuals still preserving a passive knowledge of the language; the knowledge of Written Manchu is somewhat more common among educated individuals, but Chinese is the sole everyday language used for both oral and literary purposes.
Originally scattered all over historical Manchuria, China, with small remnant groups of speakers today preserved in the Aihui region (in the middle Amur basin) and Fuyu county (in the Nonni basin) of the province of Heilongjiang, as well as, possibly, in some localities within the province of Liaoning; linguistically assimilated groups and individuals identifying themselves with the Manchu nationality are registered in all parts of China.
Информация из: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
10,682,262
Data for the number of native speakers comes from A. Zhao (1999). Data for the ethnic population comes from the 2000 census.
Информация из: “Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages” . Christopher Moseley (2007) Routledge
Among the urbanized Manchus, the language is no longer spoken but it is still studied in an ongoing literary tradition.
Three remote villages in the northwest of Heilongjiang 黑龍江 Province: two south of Heihe 黑河 and one north of Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾
Информация из: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press