Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Man, Mandschurisch, Mandschu, Mantischeou, Chinesische Tatarn, 滿語
CLASSIFICATION		Tungusic, Southern Tungusic, Jurchenic
ORTHOGRAPHY		Manchu script
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mnc
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Lalin Alechuxa Bala Jing
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Red Book on Endangered Languages: Northeast Asia” . Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen (2000)

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<20
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
~5,000,000
CHILDREN
0
YOUNG ADULTS
0
OLDER ADULTS
0
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The official number [of the ethnic population] has fluctuated greatly depending on the ethnopolitical circumstances in the country.

DATE OF INFO: 1993

DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: Degree of speakers' competence: mainly rudimentary, with some non-fluent individuals still preserving a passive knowledge of the language; the knowledge of Written Manchu is somewhat more common among educated individuals, but Chinese is the sole everyday language used for both oral and literary purposes.
Scripts (Writing system): Manchu script

PLACES: China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Originally scattered all over historical Manchuria, China, with small remnant groups of speakers today preserved in the Aihui region (in the middle Amur basin) and Fuyu county (in the Nonni basin) of the province of Heilongjiang, as well as, possibly, in some localities within the province of Liaoning; linguistically assimilated groups and individuals identifying themselves with the Manchu nationality are registered in all parts of China.

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
60
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
60
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
10,682,262
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from A. Zhao (1999). Data for the ethnic population comes from the 2000 census.

PLACES: China

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
20
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
10,682,262
SEMI SPEAKERS
some
ELDERS
20

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Among the urbanized Manchus, the language is no longer spoken but it is still studied in an ongoing literary tradition.

PLACES: Heilongjiang Province, China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Three remote villages in the northwest of Heilongjiang 黑龍江 Province: two south of Heihe 黑河 and one north of Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾

			2000	Red Book on Endangered Languages: Northeast Asia				UNESCO	http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html	Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen	Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen. 2000. "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA." Online: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html		0	~5,000,000	0	<20	1993	10-99	The official number [of the ethnic population] has fluctuated greatly depending on the ethnopolitical circumstances in the country.			Chinese	Degree of speakers' competence: mainly rudimentary, with some non-fluent individuals still preserving a passive knowledge of the language; the knowledge of Written Manchu is somewhat more common among educated individuals, but Chinese is the sole everyday language used for both oral and literary purposes.	all	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15	15	China	Originally scattered all over historical Manchuria, China, with small remnant groups of speakers today preserved in the Aihui region (in the middle Amur basin) and Fuyu county (in the Nonni basin) of the province of Heilongjiang, as well as, possibly, in some localities within the province of Liaoning; linguistically assimilated groups and individuals identifying themselves with the Manchu nationality are registered in all parts of China.
				World Oral Literature Project					http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.					60		10-99							Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures	Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																					49.5,127.5
070071197X	3	1	2007	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages		Routledge	Abingdon			Christopher Moseley	Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X	ll_pub		10,682,262		20		10-99		some	20				Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	Among the urbanized Manchus, the language is no longer spoken but it is still studied in an ongoing literary tradition.	15	15	Heilongjiang Province, China	Three remote villages in the northwest of Heilongjiang 黑龍江 Province: two south of Heihe 黑河 and one north of Qiqihar 齊齊哈爾
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)	M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		10,682,262		60		10-99	Data for the number of native speakers comes from A. Zhao (1999). Data for the ethnic population comes from the 2000 census.						Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					China

Manchu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

60

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

60

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Discussion

Manchu

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

60

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

60

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20

Discussion

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