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Language Information by Source

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Red Book on Endangered Languages: Northeast Asia

Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen. 2000. "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA." Online: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html

Critically Endangered
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
About Vitality Level
<60
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 5

A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.

5
Transmission

Transmission 5

There are only a few elderly speakers.

5
View Language Info
Explore Methodology

Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
0
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
~180
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
degree of speakers' competence: rapidly deteriorating, the last speakers being fully bilingual in Russian

Location and Context
Countries
Russia, Japan
Location Description

In the central part of Sakhalin, within Sakhalin Oblast, Russia; there used to be Orok speakers also in the southern part of the island (Karafuto), from where individuals were evacuated (after 1945) to Hokkaido, Japan; the descendants of this small emigrant population have by now lost the Orok language.

Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Russian, Japanese
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None

Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
Cyrillic script
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
A project aiming at creating a literary norm for Orok (in Cyrillic script) and teaching the language at elementary schools has recently been launched in cooperation with Japanese scholars; earlier, the Japanese syllabic script (katakana) has also been used to transcribe Orok material.

Community Members