Stories

Recent Resources

Critically Endangered
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 5

A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.

5
Transmission

Transmission 5

There are only a few elderly speakers.

5

Revitalization Programs

Community Members

Forums

Bibliography

Bibliography of Vitality:
Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.
Bibliography of Locations:
2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.
Bibliography of Context:
Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.