- Aoluguya
- Huihe
- Chenba'erhu
- Haila'er
- Morigele
Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen. 2000. "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA." Online: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
Transmission 2
Most adults in the community are speakers, but children generally are not.
Speakers
Location and Context
The widest-spread language of Siberia, spoken by a population sparsely covering the whole taiga zone from the Yenisei in the west to the lower Amur and Sakhalin in the east, and from Taimyr and the lower Lena in the north to Baikal and the upper Amur in the south; a small group of speakers, known as the Manchurian Reindeer Tungus (often erroneously called "Yakut"), live on the Chinese side of the upper Amur.