Also Known As:
Tsonnontouan, Taroko
Dialects & Varieties
North America
Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.
Severely Endangered
60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~100
Native Speakers Worldwide
Transmission
Transmission 4
Many of the grandparent generation speak the language, but younger people generally do not.
4
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
The youngest speaker is in his 50s.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
No results found.
Location and Context
Countries
USA, New York
Location Description
In three reservation communities in New York: Cattaraugus, on Lake Erie; Allegany, in Salamanca; and Tonawanda, near Buffalo.
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
English
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.
Recent Resources
Language Revitalization, Education, and Learning
Language Documentation, Research, and Archiving
Language in the Community
Language in Society
This is a 2015 literature review about language nests, focusing on the diversity of approaches to
Contains a full grammar, pronunciation guide, dictionary, etc.
