Stories

Recent Resources

Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<1,768
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 2

A majority of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are gradually decreasing.

2
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 4

Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.

4
Transmission

Transmission 2

Most adults in the community are speakers, but children generally are not.

2

Revitalization Programs

Community Members

Forums

Bibliography

Bibliography of Vitality:
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lower Ramu Languages of Papua New Guinea (Awar [aya], Bosmun [bqs], Kayan [kct], and Marangis [wax])
Bibliography of Locations:
Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Nordhoff, Sebastian. 2014.
Glottolog 2.3. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. (Available online at http://glottolog.org)
Bibliography of Context:
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lower Ramu Languages of Papua New Guinea (Awar [aya], Bosmun [bqs], Kayan [kct], and Marangis [wax])