Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Cuaa, Cua, Hiechware, Chware, Tsoa, Sarwa, Shua, Sesarwa, Haitshuari, Hietshware, Hiotshuwau, Hiochuwau, Tshuwau, Chuwau, Gabake-Ntshori, G\|\|abake, Masarwa, Tati, Tati Bushman, Kwe-Etshori Kwee, Kwe, Kwe-Tshori, Haitshuwau, G//abake, Kwee, Tshoa, Cire-cire
CLASSIFICATION		Khoe, Kalahari
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		hio
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Tsua Kua Cua
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Tshwa and Shua [shg] form a dialect cluster.

Compare Sources (3)

Information from: “The twelve modern Khoisan languages” . Matthias Brenzinger (2011)

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"The figures underlying the map on Shua-Tshwa are based on surveys conducted in 2008 by Andy Chebanne (p.c.). According to his observations, many of the Shua-Tshwa people have abandoned their language. While older sources still assume 15000 - 20000 speakers (Anderson & Janson 1997:138) for this dialect cluster, Chebanne (Chebanne, p.c.) counted 4100 only."

PLACES: Eastern Botswana

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6,540
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
3,000 in Botswana (2006).

PLACES: Botswana; Zimbabwe

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Botswana: Central District, especially Mahalapye, Serowe subdistricts; Northeast District."

Critically endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

DATE OF INFO: 1998-1999

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

“Only socially isolated old people speak the language.”

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

None

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

None

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Setswana
English
other Khoe languages

PLACES: Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Boteti, Makgadikgadi Salt Pans

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: "Mosetse, Matsitama, Mokubilo"

		2011	The twelve modern Khoisan languages	Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics							Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,		4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)		1000-9999	"The figures underlying the map on Shua-Tshwa are based on surveys conducted in 2008 by Andy Chebanne (p.c.). According to his observations, many of the Shua-Tshwa people have abandoned their language. While older sources still assume 15000 - 20000 speakers (Anderson & Janson 1997:138) for this dialect cluster, Chebanne (Chebanne, p.c.) counted 4100 only."			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				Eastern Botswana		-22.603869, 26.828613
Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach-und Kulturwissenschaft		2000	The Socio-linguistic Survey of the Eastern Khoe in the Boteti and Makgadikgadi Pans Areas of Botswana	Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages	79-94	Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja	Peter Lang	40	Düsseldorf, Germany		Chebanne, Andy and Moemedi Nthapelelang	Andy Chebanne and Moemedi Nthapelelang. 2000. "The Socio-linguistic Survey of the Eastern Khoe in the Boteti and Makgadikgadi Pans Areas of Botswana." In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 79-94. Peter Lang.	HHOLD		1998-1999			Education (Setswana)	Setswana, English, other Khoe languages	Critically Endangered (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	“Only socially isolated old people speak the language.”	"Mosetse, Matsitama, Mokubilo"	Botswana	Boteti, Makgadikgadi Salt Pans	-21.135745,25.958977
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International		Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	6,540		1000-9999	3,000 in Botswana (2006).			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				Botswana; Zimbabwe	"Botswana: Central District, especially Mahalapye, Serowe subdistricts; Northeast District."

Tshwa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,540

Critically endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Discussion

Tshwa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,540

Critically endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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