Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Lengua, Palenque
CLASSIFICATION		Pidgin or Creole, Spanish based
ORTHOGRAPHY		Latin
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		pln
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Palenquero” (182-192 ch. 19) . Schwegler, Armin (2013) , Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath, and Magnus Huber · Oxford University Press

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2000
Native speakers worldwide
SEMI SPEAKERS
4000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"Today, only about half of Palenque's 4,000 to 5,000 inhabitants have active command of the creole (the adult remainder has partial or complete passive knowledge)."

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
SPEAKER ATTITUDE: "Many adolescents now take great pleasure in learning the creole, and gone are the days when Palenquero (and with it, local culture) was shunned."
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Scripts (Writing system): Latin
More on Orthography: "Modern Palenquero spelling conventions differ somewhat from Spanish orthographic practices in that they attempt to adhere more closely to the principle of 'one phoneme-one letter' ... There is no official orthography, and spelling conventions continue to vary somewhat from author to author."

PLACES: Colombia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: El Palenque village (San Basilio de Palenque, El Palenque de San Basilio)

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: "about 60 kilometres from Cartagena de Indias"

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
3,500
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
500 (Holm 1989). Ethnic population: 3,500.

DATE OF INFO: 1989

PLACES: Colombia;

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Ethnic population
3500

DATE OF INFO: 2012

DOMAINS OF USE
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: Colombia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken only in the village of San Basilio del Palenque, Bolívar, Colombia.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500
Native speakers worldwide

	2012	The New Palenquero	Colombian Varieties of Spanish	21-42	Richard J. File-Muriel and Rafael Orozco	Iberoamericana	LINGÜÍSTICA IBEROAMERICANA	50			http://www.personal.psu.edu/jml34/newpal.pdf	John M. Lipski	John M. Lipski. 2012. "The New Palenquero." In Colombian Varieties of Spanish, edited by Richard J. File-Muriel and Rafael Orozco. 50: 21-42. Iberoamericana. Online: http://www.personal.psu.edu/jml34/newpal.pdf.		3500		2012						Severely Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	14			Colombia	Spoken only in the village of San Basilio del Palenque, Bolívar, Colombia.	10.1031, -75.1992
3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,500		1000-9999					Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							10.0952,-75.1142
	2013	Palenquero	The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages - Volume II: Portuguese-based, Spanish-based, and French-based Languages	182-192	Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath, and Magnus Huber	Oxford University Press			Oxford	19		Schwegler, Armin				2000		1000-9999	"Today, only about half of Palenque's 4,000 to 5,000 inhabitants have active command of the creole (the adult remainder has partial or complete passive knowledge)."	4000	Spanish	"Many adolescents now take great pleasure in learning the creole, and gone are the days when Palenquero (and with it, local culture) was shunned."	Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12		13	"about 60 kilometres from Cartagena de Indias"	Colombia	El Palenque village (San Basilio de Palenque, El Palenque de San Basilio)
		World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			500		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	3,500	500	1989	100-999	500 (Holm 1989). Ethnic population: 3,500.				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Colombia;

Palenquero

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Discussion

Palenquero

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Discussion

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