Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Phan Rang Cham, Cham, Cham (Eastern), Tjam, Chiem, Chiem ThÃ nh, Bhamam, Bình Thuân
CLASSIFICATION		Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Malayo-Chamic, Chamic
ORTHOGRAPHY		the Akhar Thrah scripts (traditional Cham scripts)
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		cjm
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (6)

Information from: “Diglossia, Bilingualism and the Revitalizaton of Written Eastern Cham” (28-46) . Marc Brunelle (2008)

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"Spoken Eastern Cham is ... the dominant language in Cham villages and that the children of the few Vietnamese families who have resettled in these villages typically have a good, if not native, command of Cham." (Brunelle 2008)

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"Although Eastern Cham communities are increasingly being integrated into the Vietnamese polity, the Cham language, local traditions, and religions (syncretic Hinduism, syncretic Islam, and Sunni Islam) are well preserved."

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Vietnamese

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Almost all the Phang Rang Cham speakers are bilingual in Cham and Vietnamese. The schooling system and the official language in Vietnam is Vietnamese which has influenced Phang Rang Cham in terms of lexicon, syntax and phonology.

PLACES: the provinces of Ninh Thuận and Binh Thuận of the south-central coast in Vietnam

PLACES: Vietnam

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Eastern Cham is spoken in and around the city of Phan Rang, in southern Vietnam.

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
50,000
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
73,820
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
There were 72,900 speakers in Viet Nam in 2002.

DATE OF INFO: 2002

PLACES: USA; Vietnam;

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
72,873
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Phan Rang Cham is used by ethnic Phan Rang Cham within their villages, and to Phan Rang Cham members dwelling in Ho Chi Minh city

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

neutral or negative

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

yes (though not effective)

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Vietnamese (the official language)

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Phan Rang Cham speakers have developed teaching materials.

Scripts (Writing system)

the Akhar Thrah scripts (traditional Cham scripts)

PLACES: Vietnam

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: mostly in Ninh Thuan Province;

	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)		M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	73,820	2002	10000-99999	There were 72,900 speakers in Viet Nam in 2002.								Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA; Vietnam;
June		2008	Diglossia, Bilingualism and the Revitalizaton of Written Eastern Cham	28-46		online		Language Documentation & Conservation	2		http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/1848/10/brunellesmall.pdf	Marc Brunelle	Brunelle, Marc (2008). Diglossia, Bilingualism and the Revitalization of Written Eastern Cham. Language Documentation of Conservation 2.1: 28-46.		100,000		100000	"Spoken Eastern Cham is ... the dominant language in Cham villages and that the children of the few Vietnamese families who have resettled in these villages typically have a good, if not native, command of Cham." (Brunelle 2008)	formal domains or when talking about technical or socioculturlal topics	Vietnamese			Almost all the Phang Rang Cham speakers are bilingual in Cham and Vietnamese. The schooling system and the official language in Vietnam is Vietnamese which has influenced Phang Rang Cham in terms of lexicon, syntax and phonology.	no	all	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"Although Eastern Cham communities are increasingly being integrated into the Vietnamese polity, the Cham language, local traditions, and religions (syncretic Hinduism, syncretic Islam, and Sunni Islam) are well preserved."	11	11	the provinces of Ninh Thuận and Binh Thuận of the south-central coast in Vietnam		11.683, 108.86; 11.104, 108.075
		1999	From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change: With an Appendix of Chamic Reconstructions and Loanwords				Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications, No. 28. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press					Graham Thurgood	Graham Thurgood. 1999. "From Ancient Cham To Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change: With An Appendix of Chamic Reconstructions and Loanwords." Oceanic Linguistics Special Publications, No. 28. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.																		Vietnam	Eastern Cham is spoken in and around the city of Phan Rang, in southern Vietnam.	11.562, 108.994
		April 27, 2014	personal communication									{Isvan}	Isvan. April 27, 2014. "Personal Communication."						Vietnamese used in official domains	Vietnamese (the official language)	yes (though not effective)	neutral or negative	Phan Rang Cham speakers have developed teaching materials.	no	almost all	Vulnerable (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	Phan Rang Cham is used by ethnic Phan Rang Cham within their villages, and to Phan Rang Cham members dwelling in Ho Chi Minh city	11	10	Vietnam	mostly in Ninh Thuan Province;
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	50,000		10000-99999									Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
			World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		72,873		10000-99999									Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Eastern Cham

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

73,820

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

72,873

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Discussion

Eastern Cham

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

73,820

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

72,873

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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