Tonsawang
[别称 Tombatu, Toundanow, Lo'bahikolai]语系：Austronesian
·高危
- 信息日期
- 2019
- 使用领域
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- 使用者趋势
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- 传承情况
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- 更多关于活力的信息
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EGIDS 7, UNESCO 3
Group Tonsawang language usage has been observed in prayer meetings for elders
- 使用者态度
- Indigenous language and culture is often viewed as archaic and not markers of Minahasan ethnic identity, rather less important than education, economic advancement, personality traits, pro-Western outlook, and Christian faith. There is little enthusiasm for advocating increased language use, as well as societal norms which require defering to preference of elders and higher status people, and the concept that indigenous languages can only be learned in purely formalised contexts. There is a vacuum in revitalisation leadership and willingness to defer to outsiders.
- 该群体使用的其他语言
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Manado Malay (Pidgin Derived Malay)
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Bahasa Indonesia
- 语言环境评论
Speaker numbers decreasing due to lack of use in all domains, preference of other languages, lack of transmission to children, intermarriage with other ethnic groups, extensive time in other locations and easier access to once-isolated communities, and change in cultural identification.
The one public outlet for Tonsawang is lomba pidato (speech contest). Some documentary materials have been shared on social media via mobile phones. There is also a small Bible translation project between Gereja Baptis Manado (Manado Baptist Church) and Seaforth Baptist Church in New South Wales, Australia and a Tonsawang-Indonesian dictionary of Kalangi.
- 地点
- Mountainous, northern tip of Sulawesi island, Indonesia including the settlements of Ranoketang Tua, Lobu, Silian, Ranoketang Atas, Kali, Kali Oki, Tombatu, Molompar, Kalait, Suhuyon, Tambelang, Ranoako, buang, Banga, Lowatag, Pisa, Tonsawang