Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		French Cree, Mitchif, aan krii, Métchif, Mitif, Cree, Turtle Mountain Chippewa Cree
CLASSIFICATION		Mixed Language, French-Cree
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		crg
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Michif” (158-165 ch. 18) . Bakker, Peter (2013) , Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath, and Magnus Huber · Oxford University Press

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
200-2,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"The number of people who have knowledge of the language as they learned it in their youth is probably somewhere between 200 and 2,000."

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"No parents speak the language to their young children, but some grandparents use it with their grandchildren."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"Today, English is the dominant language in all communities, and probably also at the individual level for the vast majority of Michif speakers."

PLACES: Canada, USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Manitoba, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, Montana

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
990
Native speakers worldwide

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
725
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
US: 75 (2010 census).
Canada: 650 (2011 census).

DATE OF INFO: 2010 (US), 2011 (Canada)

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Speakers 70 and older.

PLACES: Canada, USA

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Canada: Manitoba province: scattered, a short distance from the United States border.
US: North Dakota: Turtle Mountain Reservation.

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~200
Native speakers worldwide
ELDERS
Nearly all over 70 years old.
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Scattered as they are, it is difficult to estimate the current number of speakers, but it is probably around 200. Nearly all are over 70 years old.

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

It is difficult to estimate the current number of speakers, but it is probably around 200, nearly all over 70 years old.

PLACES: USA; Canada;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Several hundred thousand Métis live in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and North Dakota, and Cree,
Ojibwe, French, and more recently English have been widely spoken in Métis communities, which have typically been multilingual.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<1,000
Native speakers worldwide

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: Canada; USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan in Canada; North Dakota, Montana in USA

PLACES: USA; Canada;

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
830
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
230 in United States (2000 census).

MORE ON VITALITY

The number of speakers is decreasing.

PLACES: USA; Canada;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: North Dakota, Turtle Mountain Reservation.

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press		New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.														USA; Canada;		52.0,-100.166666667
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International		Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	830		100-999	230 in United States (2000 census).				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		The number of speakers is decreasing.			USA; Canada;	North Dakota, Turtle Mountain Reservation.
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International		Dallas, Texas		http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		725	2010 (US), 2011 (Canada)	100-999	US: 75 (2010 census). Canada: 650 (2011 census).				Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	Speakers 70 and older.	15	Canada: Manitoba province: scattered, a short distance from the United States border. US: North Dakota: Turtle Mountain Reservation.	Canada, USA
		2011	Documenting Michif Variation - HRELP Abstract						Endangered Languages Documen-tation Programme abstract			http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=282	Olivia Sammons	Sammons, Olivia. 2011. ""Documenting Michif Variation" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=282.		<1,000		100-999			English		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Canada; USA	Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan in Canada; North Dakota, Montana in USA
		2013	Michif	The Survey of Pidgin and Creole Languages - Volume III: Contact Languages Based on the Languages from Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas	158-165	Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath, and Magnus Huber		Oxford University Press		Oxford	18		Bakker, Peter			200-2,000		1000-9999	"The number of people who have knowledge of the language as they learned it in their youth is probably somewhere between 200 and 2,000."		English	"Today, English is the dominant language in all communities, and probably also at the individual level for the vast majority of Michif speakers."	Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	"No parents speak the language to their young children, but some grandparents use it with their grandchildren."	14		Canada, USA	Manitoba, Saskatchewan, North Dakota, Montana
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge		London			Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.		~200		100-999	Scattered as they are, it is difficult to estimate the current number of speakers, but it is probably around 200. Nearly all are over 70 years old.	Nearly all over 70 years old.			Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	It is difficult to estimate the current number of speakers, but it is probably around 200, nearly all over 70 years old.	15		USA; Canada;	Several hundred thousand Métis live in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and North Dakota, and Cree, Ojibwe, French, and more recently English have been widely spoken in Métis communities, which have typically been multilingual.
			World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		990		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Michif

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

200-2,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

990

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

725

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~200

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

830

Discussion

Michif

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

200-2,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

990

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

725

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~200

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

830

Discussion

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