Australasia and the Pacific
Stephen Wurm. 2007. "Australasia and the Pacific." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Moseley. 425-577. Routledge.
Severely Endangered
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<80
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 3
Only about half of community members speak the language. Speaker numbers are decreasing steadily, but not at an accelerated pace.
3
Transmission
Transmission 3
Some adults in the community are speakers, but the language is not spoken by children.
3
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
The language is under heavy pressure from neighbouring larger languages of the same group such as Namie, and the children beginning to prefer Tok Pisin.
Location and Context
Countries
Papua New Guinea
Location Description
Sandaun Province. About 40km north of Yellow River ownship, to the east of the Upper Sand River, a northern tributary of the Sepik River, northeast of Yawari.
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Namie, Tok Pisin
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No literacy
Recent Resources
Informative message
No results found.