An artlcle at Dialogue Earth about how climate-induced disasters are forcing people to migrate ou
Also Known As:
Torwālī, Turvali, Dardu
Dialects & Varieties
- Bahrain
- Chail
Ecological planning towards language revitalization: The Torwali minority language in Pakistan
Ecological planning towards language revitalization: The Torwali minority language in Pakistan
Vulnerable
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Between 80,000 - 120,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 0
Almost all members of the community or ethnic group speak the language, and the number of speakers is stable or increasing.
0
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 1
Used in most domains except for official ones such as government, mass media, education etc.
1
Transmission
Transmission -1
All members of the community, including children, speak the language.
-1
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
No results found.
Location and Context
Countries
Pakistan
Location Description
Torwali is spoken in the Bahrain and Chail ares of District Swat in Northern Pakistan.
Government Support
no
Institutional Support
no
Speakers' Attitude
In the past the Torwali community was gradually assimialted into the dominant Pashtun community, but the community is now moving towards an independent cultural identity. Urdu is the national language, with Pashto being the regional lingua franca. English is the official language and is used in many official sectors, and the most prestigious, with Urdu following behind.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Urdu;Pashto;English
Number of Other Language Speakers:
Most
Domains of Other Languages:
Official; (most) education
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.
Recent Resources
Language in Society
Language Documentation, Research, and Archiving
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Torwali is an endangered language spoken by over 100,000 people in the idyllic valley Swat-Kohistan
