A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lower Ramu Languages of Papua New Guinea (Awar [aya], Bosmun [bqs], Kayan [kct], and Marangis [wax])
A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Lower Ramu Languages of Papua New Guinea (Awar [aya], Bosmun [bqs], Kayan [kct], and Marangis [wax])
Severely Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<1,153
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
4
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 4
Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.
4
Transmission
Transmission 3
Some adults in the community are speakers, but the language is not spoken by children.
3
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
1,153
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
No results found.
Location and Context
Countries
Papua New Guinea
Location Description
On the north coast near the border of Madang and East Speik Provinces and the Ramu River: Awar, Nubia, and Sisimagum villages.
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
"The Awar in all three villages recognize that their language is in an endangered position. Most of them speak only of trying to record their language so it is not lost entirely. Only a few spoke of trying to revitalize it."
Other Languages Used By The Community
Tok Pisin [tpi]
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.
Recent Resources
Informative message
No results found.