濒危语言项目

别称		Smith River, Chetco-Tolowa, Tolowa-Chetco, Smith River Athabaskan, Chetco, Siletz Dee-ni
语系		Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit, Athabaskan, Pacific Coast Athabaskan
注册机构代码		ISO 639-3
语言代码		tol
方言和语支		Chetco Tolowa
下载		文件格式： csv
更多资源		OLAC 搜索

Compare Sources (8)

信息不完整 “California Indian Languages” (61-200) . Victor Golla (2011) University of California Press

唤醒
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
With the exception of 2 or 3 elderly rememberers of Tolowa at Smith River or of Lower Rogue River at Siletz, no native speaker of any Oregon Athabaskan variety survive[d] in 2010. The last fully fluent first-language speakers of Chetco-Tolowa and Rogue River died before 1990 ... Since 1980 a number of learners have acquired some degree of second-language fluency in Tolowa ... Much of the success of the Tolowa language revival is due to Loren Bommelyn, and the revitalization effort he spearheads has a broad cultural and religious base.

该群体使用的其他语言

地点: USA

地点描述: Sileltz and Grand Ronde reservations in Oregon, Smith River in northwest California

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

地点: USA

地点描述: Oregon, California

唤醒
民族人口
1,000
不完全使用者
1
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
"One elderly semispeaker in 2001 but growing numbers of younger emerging speakers with limited competence"(Golla 2007).

信息日期: 2007

更多关于活力的信息

"Some language revival efforts."

地点: USA

地点描述: "California, Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City."

地点: USA

地点描述: Oregon, California

格式
0
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
5 second language speakers of Siletz Dee-ni, one dialect variety of Tolowa.

传承情况

地点: USA

地点描述: Oregon

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

使用者趋势
传承情况

地点: USA

地点描述: California: in and around Smith River

唤醒
不完全使用者
1
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
Tolowa is spoken by a few individuals at the Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California. It is nearly extinct as a first language (one elderly semi-speaker survives in 2001) but there is one fully fluent second-language speaker in his 40s.

该群体使用的其他语言

地点: USA

地点描述: Oregon, California: Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California.

		2012	Tribe Revives Language on Verge of Extinction					New York Times			http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/04/us/siletz-language-with-few-voices-finds-modern-way-to-survive.html?_r=2	Kirk Johnson	Kirk Johnson. 2012. "Tribe Revives Language On Verge of Extinction." NY Times. Online: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/04/us/siletz-language-with-few-voices-finds-modern-way-to-survive.html?_r=2.			0			5 second language speakers of Siletz Dee-ni, one dialect variety of Tolowa.		5		Dormant ()	15			USA	Oregon
978-0520266674		2011	California Indian Languages		61-200		University of California Press		Berkeley, CA	UC Berkeley		Victor Golla						Awakening	With the exception of 2 or 3 elderly rememberers of Tolowa at Smith River or of Lower Rogue River at Siletz, no native speaker of any Oregon Athabaskan variety survive[d] in 2010. The last fully fluent first-language speakers of Chetco-Tolowa and Rogue River died before 1990 ... Since 1980 a number of learners have acquired some degree of second-language fluency in Tolowa ... Much of the success of the Tolowa language revival is due to Loren Bommelyn, and the revitalization effort he spearheads has a broad cultural and religious base.			English	Awakening ()				USA	Sileltz and Grand Ronde reservations in Oregon, Smith River in northwest California
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing		Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		1		1-9					Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA	Oregon, California	41.9566,-124.1915
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher	Routledge		London			Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.					Awakening	Tolowa is spoken by a few individuals at the Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California. It is nearly extinct as a first language (one elderly semi-speaker survives in 2001) but there is one fully fluent second-language speaker in his 40s.	1	1	English	Awakening ()				USA	Oregon, California: Smith River Rancheria near Crescent City, California.
		2009	"The Tolowa (TOL) Athabaskan Lexicon and Text Collection Project: Recording the Last Speakers of the Tolowa Dee-ni' Language" NSF DEL Abstract								http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0854556&WT.z_pims_id=12816	Underriner, Janne	Underriner, Janne 2009. "The Tolowa (TOL) Athabaskan Lexicon and Text Collection Project: Recording the Last Speakers of the Tolowa Dee-ni' Language" NSF DEL Abstract.			3		1-9					Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15	USA	California: in and around Smith River
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley	UNESCO		Paris			Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.														USA	Oregon, California	41.9566,-124.1915
			World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			4		1-9					Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	18th	2015	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	SIL International		Dallas, Texas		http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		1,000		2007	Awakening	"One elderly semispeaker in 2001 but growing numbers of younger emerging speakers with limited competence"(Golla 2007).	1	1		Awakening ()		"Some language revival efforts."		USA	"California, Smith River Rancheria, near Crescent City."

Tolowa

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

唤醒

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

唤醒

格式

0

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3

唤醒

讨论

Tolowa

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

唤醒

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

唤醒

格式

0

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4

极危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3

唤醒

讨论

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信息来源

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