Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Northern Tiwa, Tiwa, Northern, Tiwa, Tiwa (Northern)
CLASSIFICATION		Kiowa-Tanoan, Tanoan
LANGUAGE CODE		twf
DOWNLOAD		As csv
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Ethnologue puts Taos and Picuris together in its "Northern Tiwa" [twf], lists Taos and Picuris as dialects, but yet says that "Taos and Picuris are not mutually intelligible (Golla 2007)." Others distinguish these as two separate languages.

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Information from: “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
800
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,600

PLACES: USA, New Mexico

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Pueblo of Taos, 70 miles north of Santa Fe, New Mexico.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
930
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Speaker number data: 1980 census, decreasing. 803 Taos speakers, 101 Picuris (1990 census). Ethnic population: 1,166 (1980 census), including 1,042 Taos, 124 Picuris (1990 census).

DATE OF INFO: 1990

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: USA, New Mexico

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: North central New Mexico

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,025
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, New Mexico

927
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, New Mexico

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
998
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1830
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Etihnologue (2016) joins Taos and Picuris in a single language, but nevertheless under "dialetcs" say: "Taos, Picuris. Taos and Picuris are not mutually intelligible (Golla 2007)."

1,070 (Ichihashi-Nakayama et al 2007). 998 Taos, 66 Picuris speakers (Ichihashi-Nakayama et al 2007). Picuris spoken by nearly all 230 members of the Picuris Pueblo. 800 Taos speakers out of 1,600 in the pueblo (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 1,830 (Golla 2007).

DATE OF INFO: 2007

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: USA: New Mexico

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: New Mexico: north central.

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.														36.5,-105.5
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		930	1990	100-999	Speaker number data: 1980 census, decreasing. 803 Taos speakers, 101 Picuris (1990 census). Ethnic population: 1,166 (1980 census), including 1,042 Taos, 124 Picuris (1990 census).	English	Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, New Mexico	North central New Mexico
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		1830	998	2007	1000-9999	Etihnologue (2016) joins Taos and Picuris in a single language, but nevertheless under "dialetcs" say: "Taos, Picuris. Taos and Picuris are not mutually intelligible (Golla 2007)." 1,070 (Ichihashi-Nakayama et al 2007). 998 Taos, 66 Picuris speakers (Ichihashi-Nakayama et al 2007). Picuris spoken by nearly all 230 members of the Picuris Pueblo. 800 Taos speakers out of 1,600 in the pueblo (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 1,830 (Golla 2007).		Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	13	New Mexico: north central.	USA: New Mexico
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,025		1000-9999			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, New Mexico		36.4717,-105.5596
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.		1,600	800		100-999			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				USA, New Mexico	Pueblo of Taos, 70 miles north of Santa Fe, New Mexico.
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.												USA, New Mexico		36.4717,-105.5596
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			927

Taos

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

800

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

930

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,025

927

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

998

Discussion

Taos

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

800

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

930

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,025

927

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

998

Discussion

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