Hwarasa
[aka Qwara, Qwarina, "Kara"]Classification: Afro-Asiatic
·critically endangered
Classification: Afro-Asiatic
·critically endangered
Qwara, Qwarina, "Kara", Quara, Qwarenya, 中库希特语支 |
||
Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, Central Cushitic |
||
LINGUIST List |
||
ahg-hwa |
||
As csv |
Information from: “Language Death: The Case of Qwarenya (Ethiopia)” (143-162) . David L. Appleyard (1998) , M. Brenzinger · Köln: Rüdiger Köppe
6
"...It was presumed that there were no longer any speakers left until six elderly speakers were found amongst the last major wave of immigrants to Israel in 1991... All of the speakers were aged 70 and above, and two of them were bedridden...These six claim to be the last surviving speakers of Qwarenya."
"...Insofar it [Qwarenya] is no longer the normal means of spoken communication between the handful of individuals who retain some knowledge of it... With apparently only six remaining speakers, therefore - and speakers with markedly differing levels of competence at that - the language is plainly dead as a spoken medium... One of the Qes Tayyä's [principal informant] younger sons was training to be a priest... like his father, and he was learning portions of the prayer cycle in Qwarenya... However these sections of prayers were learned by rote and aside from these he was unable to use Qwarenya other than to recite a few standard blessings and greetings formulae, a few proverbs and pieces of songs, one or two items of basic vocabulary... A small number of other, younger members of the community could also recall a few words, learned more for amusement or curiosity than anything else."
Amharic
Modern Hebrew
Tigrinya
Ge'ez
"Nowadays they speak either Amharic, or in case of a much smaller number Tigrinya, and of course, most now also speak Modern Hebrew since the immigration of the greater part of the community to Israel in two waves during the 1990s... All six speakers normally use Amharic in their daily intercourse, and only Qes Tayyä and his wife occasionally speak Qwarenya when they do no want anyone within earshot to understand..."
"Qwara being the region to the northwest and west of Lake Tana. This was the home region of the last speakers before they immigrated to Israel... At the time of my research the six remaining speakers were living in different places of Israel - only Qes [priest] Tayyä, who was my principal informant and his wife were living together... All [six speakers of Qwarenya] originate from a cluster of six villages in Qwara, some five days' journey on foot from Gondar... Their villages, they say, are now either abandoned or wholly taken over by Amhra farmers"
Sources |
---|
Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
---|
SOURCE: “Africa” ( ch. 7) . Gerrit J. Dimmendaal and F. K. Erhard Voeltz (2007) , Christopher Moseley · Routledge |
SOURCE: “Language Death: The Case of Qwarenya (Ethiopia)” (143-162) . David L. Appleyard (1998) , M. Brenzinger · Köln: Rüdiger Köppe |
9780700711970 | 2007 | Africa | Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages | Christopher Moseley | Routledge | 7 | Gerrit J. Dimmendaal and F. K. Erhard Voeltz | Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. and F. K. Erhard Voeltz. 2007. "Africa." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Moseley. Routledge. | a few | 1-9 | May have a few elderly speakers left. | Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1998 | Language Death: The Case of Qwarenya (Ethiopia) | Endangered Languages in Africa | 143-162 | M. Brenzinger | Köln: Rüdiger Köppe | David L. Appleyard | Appleyard, David L. 1998. "Language Death: The Case of Qwarenya (Ethiopia)." In Endangered Languages in Africa, edited by M. Brenzinger. 143-162. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. | HHOLD | 6 | 1994 | 1-9 | "...It was presumed that there were no longer any speakers left until six elderly speakers were found amongst the last major wave of immigrants to Israel in 1991... All of the speakers were aged 70 and above, and two of them were bedridden...These six claim to be the last surviving speakers of Qwarenya." | 6 | Amharic, Modern Hebrew, Tigrinya, Ge'ez | "Nowadays they speak either Amharic, or in case of a much smaller number Tigrinya, and of course, most now also speak Modern Hebrew since the immigration of the greater part of the community to Israel in two waves during the 1990s... All six speakers normally use Amharic in their daily intercourse, and only Qes Tayyä and his wife occasionally speak Qwarenya when they do no want anyone within earshot to understand..." | All | Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 15 | "...Insofar it [Qwarenya] is no longer the normal means of spoken communication between the handful of individuals who retain some knowledge of it... With apparently only six remaining speakers, therefore - and speakers with markedly differing levels of competence at that - the language is plainly dead as a spoken medium... One of the Qes Tayyä's [principal informant] younger sons was training to be a priest... like his father, and he was learning portions of the prayer cycle in Qwarenya... However these sections of prayers were learned by rote and aside from these he was unable to use Qwarenya other than to recite a few standard blessings and greetings formulae, a few proverbs and pieces of songs, one or two items of basic vocabulary... A small number of other, younger members of the community could also recall a few words, learned more for amusement or curiosity than anything else." | 15 | 15 | Israel (now); Ethiopia (Previously) | "Qwara being the region to the northwest and west of Lake Tana. This was the home region of the last speakers before they immigrated to Israel... At the time of my research the six remaining speakers were living in different places of Israel - only Qes [priest] Tayyä, who was my principal informant and his wife were living together... All [six speakers of Qwarenya] originate from a cluster of six villages in Qwara, some five days' journey on foot from Gondar... Their villages, they say, are now either abandoned or wholly taken over by Amhra farmers" |