Information from: “Africa” ( ch. 7) . Gerrit J. Dimmendaal and F. K. Erhard Voeltz (2007) , Christopher Moseley · Routledge
Critically endangered
60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
a few
May have a few elderly speakers left.
TRANSMISSION
Information from: “Language Death: The Case of Qwarenya (Ethiopia)” (143-162) . David L. Appleyard (1998) , M. Brenzinger · Köln: Rüdiger Köppe
Critically endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6
6
"...It was presumed that there were no longer any speakers left until six elderly speakers were found amongst the last major wave of immigrants to Israel in 1991... All of the speakers were aged 70 and above, and two of them were bedridden...These six claim to be the last surviving speakers of Qwarenya."
DATE OF INFO
1994
DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
MORE ON VITALITY
"...Insofar it [Qwarenya] is no longer the normal means of spoken communication between the handful of individuals who retain some knowledge of it... With apparently only six remaining speakers, therefore - and speakers with markedly differing levels of competence at that - the language is plainly dead as a spoken medium... One of the Qes Tayyä's [principal informant] younger sons was training to be a priest... like his father, and he was learning portions of the prayer cycle in Qwarenya... However these sections of prayers were learned by rote and aside from these he was unable to use Qwarenya other than to recite a few standard blessings and greetings formulae, a few proverbs and pieces of songs, one or two items of basic vocabulary... A small number of other, younger members of the community could also recall a few words, learned more for amusement or curiosity than anything else."
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Amharic
Modern Hebrew
Tigrinya
Ge'ez
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS
"Nowadays they speak either Amharic, or in case of a much smaller number Tigrinya, and of course, most now also speak Modern Hebrew since the immigration of the greater part of the community to Israel in two waves during the 1990s... All six speakers normally use Amharic in their daily intercourse, and only Qes Tayyä and his wife occasionally speak Qwarenya when they do no want anyone within earshot to understand..."
PLACES
Israel (now); Ethiopia (Previously)
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
"Qwara being the region to the northwest and west of Lake Tana. This was the home region of the last speakers before they immigrated to Israel... At the time of my research the six remaining speakers were living in different places of Israel - only Qes [priest] Tayyä, who was my principal informant and his wife were living together... All [six speakers of Qwarenya] originate from a cluster of six villages in Qwara, some five days' journey on foot from Gondar... Their villages, they say, are now either abandoned or wholly taken over by Amhra farmers"