Malak Malak
[别称 MalakMalak, MullukMulluk, Ngolok-Wangar]语系:Northern Daly
·极危
语系:Northern Daly
·极危
MalakMalak, MullukMulluk, Ngolok-Wangar, Ngolak-Wonga, Nguluwongga, Mullukmulluk, Malagmalag, Malakmalak, Mullikmullik, Mollakmollak, Mallackmallack, Mullik-Mullik, Mollak-mollak, Malack-malack, Mulluc-Mulluc, Ngolok-Wangar, Ngululwanga, Ngulugwanga, Akana, Djiramo, Djiramö, Malag-Malag, Malak-malak, Mallak-mallak, Mollak Mollak, Mollok Mollok, Mullik-mullik, Mulluck Mulluck, Mulluk Mulluk, Mulluk-Mulluk, Mullu-Mulluc, Mulukmuluk, Ngolak-Wanggar, Ngolokwangga, Ngulugwongga, Nguluk Wangkar, Ngulukwongga, Valli-valli, Malak-Malak |
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Northern Daly |
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None yet; in development |
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ISO 639-3 |
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mpb |
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文件格式: csv |
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信息不完整 “Personal Communication on Malak Malak” . Dorothea Hoffmann (2013)
A few hundred
3
2
9
There are 11 confirmed speakers in 2012. There are two younger people (so far confirmed) that have a passive knowledge of MalakMalak. To date not all potential language speakers have been visited and therefore the current numbers may rise in time.
This general evaluation only applies to the six speakers (all members of one family) that remain in the traditional lands. The remaining five speakers are isolated and therefore very rarely speak the language. MalakMalak is used in everyday conversation, but not at the workplace, in education, religion or trade.
Matngala
Kriol
Ngan'gikurunggurr
Wagiman
The language is spoken on a daily basis in Woolianna, the traditional MalakMalak land, and used in (almost) all aspects of life. Other languages employed at home are Matngala and Kriol. Outside the traditional lands in Aboriginal communities in Darwin, Belyuen, Timber Creek, and Peppimenarti, speakers are isolated and mostly communicate in Kriol or other languages. Speakers generally have a positive attitude towards MalakMalak and value it very highly. They are, however, aware of its crucial status with young people no longer speaking it and that its replacement by Kriol. Speakers are aware of the critical condition of their language and passionate about its documentation. There is no support for the language from the Australian government, but a language documentation project is currently underway. There is no education or literacy in the language since all young MalakMalaks only speak Kriol or other languages. All speakers of MalakMalak also speak Matngala (zml) and Kriol (rop). Two know Ngan'gikurunggurr (nam), one knows Wagiman (waq).
There is no official writing system, but Dr. Dorothea Hoffmann is currently developing an orthography for publication and research purposes that is Roman-based.
Of the 11 (to date) identified and confirmed native speakers, 6 live in Woolianna near the community of Nauiyu on the Daly River, one lives in Peppimenarti, one in Belyuen, two in Fifteen-Mile (near Darwin) and one in Timber Creek.
信息不完整 “Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages” . Christopher Moseley (2007) Routledge
"In 1988, 9 to 11 fully fluent speakers were reported. ...speaker numbers have been falling."
"The language is now moribund."
Kriol
"The people generally speak the English-based pidgin lingua franca Kriol..."
信息不完整 “How many languages were spoken in Australia?” . Claire Bowern (2011)