Malak Malak
[también conocido como MalakMalak, MullukMulluk, Ngolok-Wangar]Clasificación: Northern Daly
·en peligro crítico de extinción
Clasificación: Northern Daly
·en peligro crítico de extinción
MalakMalak, MullukMulluk, Ngolok-Wangar, Ngolak-Wonga, Nguluwongga, Mullukmulluk, Malagmalag, Malakmalak, Mullikmullik, Mollakmollak, Mallackmallack, Mullik-Mullik, Mollak-mollak, Malack-malack, Mulluc-Mulluc, Ngolok-Wangar, Ngululwanga, Ngulugwanga, Akana, Djiramo, Djiramö, Malag-Malag, Malak-malak, Mallak-mallak, Mollak Mollak, Mollok Mollok, Mullik-mullik, Mulluck Mulluck, Mulluk Mulluk, Mulluk-Mulluk, Mullu-Mulluc, Mulukmuluk, Ngolak-Wanggar, Ngolokwangga, Ngulugwongga, Nguluk Wangkar, Ngulukwongga, Valli-valli, Malak-Malak |
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Northern Daly |
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None yet; in development |
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mpb |
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La información está incompleta “Personal Communication on Malak Malak” . Dorothea Hoffmann (2013)
A few hundred
3
2
9
There are 11 confirmed speakers in 2012. There are two younger people (so far confirmed) that have a passive knowledge of MalakMalak. To date not all potential language speakers have been visited and therefore the current numbers may rise in time.
This general evaluation only applies to the six speakers (all members of one family) that remain in the traditional lands. The remaining five speakers are isolated and therefore very rarely speak the language. MalakMalak is used in everyday conversation, but not at the workplace, in education, religion or trade.
Matngala
Kriol
Ngan'gikurunggurr
Wagiman
The language is spoken on a daily basis in Woolianna, the traditional MalakMalak land, and used in (almost) all aspects of life. Other languages employed at home are Matngala and Kriol. Outside the traditional lands in Aboriginal communities in Darwin, Belyuen, Timber Creek, and Peppimenarti, speakers are isolated and mostly communicate in Kriol or other languages. Speakers generally have a positive attitude towards MalakMalak and value it very highly. They are, however, aware of its crucial status with young people no longer speaking it and that its replacement by Kriol. Speakers are aware of the critical condition of their language and passionate about its documentation. There is no support for the language from the Australian government, but a language documentation project is currently underway. There is no education or literacy in the language since all young MalakMalaks only speak Kriol or other languages. All speakers of MalakMalak also speak Matngala (zml) and Kriol (rop). Two know Ngan'gikurunggurr (nam), one knows Wagiman (waq).
There is no official writing system, but Dr. Dorothea Hoffmann is currently developing an orthography for publication and research purposes that is Roman-based.
Of the 11 (to date) identified and confirmed native speakers, 6 live in Woolianna near the community of Nauiyu on the Daly River, one lives in Peppimenarti, one in Belyuen, two in Fifteen-Mile (near Darwin) and one in Timber Creek.
La información está incompleta “Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages” . Christopher Moseley (2007) Routledge
"In 1988, 9 to 11 fully fluent speakers were reported. ...speaker numbers have been falling."
"The language is now moribund."
Kriol
"The people generally speak the English-based pidgin lingua franca Kriol..."
La información está incompleta “How many languages were spoken in Australia?” . Claire Bowern (2011)
Otros |
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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FUENTE: “Australasia and the Pacific” (97-126 ch. 4) . Darrell Tryon (2007) , R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley · Routledge |
FUENTE: “How many languages were spoken in Australia?” . Claire Bowern (2011) |
FUENTE: “Personal Communication on Malak Malak” . Dorothea Hoffmann (2013) |
FUENTE: “Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages” . Christopher Moseley (2007) Routledge |
2007 | Australasia and the Pacific | Atlas of the World's Languages | 97-126 | R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley | Routledge | 4 | Darrell Tryon | Tryon, Darrell. 2007. "Australasia and the Pacific." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley. 97-126. Routledge. | 10 | 10-99 | Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 9 | 1-9 | Data for the number of native speakers comes from SIL (1988). | Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Australia; | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2011 | How many languages were spoken in Australia? | Also includes subsequent additions by CB directly into ElCat | http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx | Claire Bowern | Claire Bowern. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?" Online: http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx. | -13.75351587,130.7147028 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 10 | 10-99 | Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March | 2013 | Personal Communication on Malak Malak | Personal Communication | Dorothea Hoffmann | Dorothea Hoffmann. 2013. "Personal Communication On Malak Malak." | 2 | A few hundred | 11 | 2012 | 10-99 | There are 11 confirmed speakers in 2012. There are two younger people (so far confirmed) that have a passive knowledge of MalakMalak. To date not all potential language speakers have been visited and therefore the current numbers may rise in time. | 3 | 9 | Matngala, Kriol, Ngan'gikurunggurr, Wagiman | The language is spoken on a daily basis in Woolianna, the traditional MalakMalak land, and used in (almost) all aspects of life. Other languages employed at home are Matngala and Kriol. Outside the traditional lands in Aboriginal communities in Darwin, Belyuen, Timber Creek, and Peppimenarti, speakers are isolated and mostly communicate in Kriol or other languages. Speakers generally have a positive attitude towards MalakMalak and value it very highly. They are, however, aware of its crucial status with young people no longer speaking it and that its replacement by Kriol. Speakers are aware of the critical condition of their language and passionate about its documentation. There is no support for the language from the Australian government, but a language documentation project is currently underway. There is no education or literacy in the language since all young MalakMalaks only speak Kriol or other languages. All speakers of MalakMalak also speak Matngala (zml) and Kriol (rop). Two know Ngan'gikurunggurr (nam), one knows Wagiman (waq). | ELDP documentation project underway | All | Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 15 | This general evaluation only applies to the six speakers (all members of one family) that remain in the traditional lands. The remaining five speakers are isolated and therefore very rarely speak the language. MalakMalak is used in everyday conversation, but not at the workplace, in education, religion or trade. | 13 | 15 | Australia | Of the 11 (to date) identified and confirmed native speakers, 6 live in Woolianna near the community of Nauiyu on the Daly River, one lives in Peppimenarti, one in Belyuen, two in Fifteen-Mile (near Darwin) and one in Timber Creek. | -13.691648, 130.677778;-14.146896, 130.074077;-12.90556,131.17583;-12.830556, 131.075833;-16.08389,130.80472; | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 10 | 10-99 | Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
070071197X | 3 | 1 | 2007 | Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages | Routledge | Abingdon | Christopher Moseley | Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X | ll_pub | 9-11 | 1988 | 1-9 | "In 1988, 9 to 11 fully fluent speakers were reported. ...speaker numbers have been falling." | Kriol | "The people generally speak the English-based pidgin lingua franca Kriol..." | Most | Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 15 | "The language is now moribund." | 14 | 15 | Australia: Northwestern Northern Territory, southwest of Darwin, on the northern bank of the Daly River. |