Shixing
[aka Xumi, 史興話, 旭米語]Classification: Sino-Tibetan
·threatened
Classification: Sino-Tibetan
·threatened
Xumi (旭米語, /ʃʉ-hĩ ketɕɐ/) means 'the language of the Shu people'. It is also known as Shixing 史興語 (Chirkova 2015, p. c.).
Xumi, 史興話, 旭米語 |
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Sino-Tibetan, Naic |
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sxg |
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Information from: “Personal communication on Xumi/Shixing” . Katia Chirkova (2015)
ca. 1800
"Children still learn the language at home; in Xumi villages everyone can speak Xumi and there are even some monolingual speakers (women)"
Mandarin (Southwest Mandarin)
Tibetan (Kami
the Tibetan dialect of Muli County)
Pumi (Prinmi)
Mosuo
Naxi
"The Xumi use their native language as the primary language of oral communication for family and community events. A considerable percentage of Xumi women are monolingual, whereas most men are proficient in Mandarin Chinese (the local variety of South-West Mandarin). In addition, Lower Xumi speakers often have a good command of Pumi (and some even of Naxi and Mosuo), whereas Upper Xumi speakers often have a good command of Gami Tibetan. The language of the Xumi is traditionally considered by its speakers and ethnic neighbors alike as mixed and combining elements of various local languages. It does not have its own writing system."
"Documentation project “Ersu and Xumi: Comparative and Cross-Varietal Documentation of Highly Endangered Languages of South-West China” by CNRS-CRLAO (France), Sichuan Minorities Institute, and Xichang College, supported by the Endangered Languages Documentation Programme (grant number MPD0257), 2013-2016"
"Xumi reside along the banks of the Shuiluo River (水洛河) in Shuiluo Township (水洛鄉) of Muli Tibetan Autonomous County (木里藏族自治縣; smi li rang skyong rdzong) This county is located in the South-West of Sichuan Province in the People’s Republic of China."
Information from: “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
Tibetan nationality
Southwestern Sichuan, Muli County, Wachang Township
Information from: “Shǐxīng, a Sino-Tibetan Language of South-west China: A Grammatical Sketch with two Appended Texts” (1-89) . Katia Chirkova (2009)
Kami Tibetan
Prinmi
Nà
Nàxī
and Southwest Mandarin.
Shuiluo Township 水洛, Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The Xumi people reside in 11 villages in the Shuiluo Valley. The five largest villages are: Xiwa 西瓦, Dongla 東拉, Lanman 蘭满, Pingweng 平翁, and Liangbao 兩保.
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
2,000
1,200 monolinguals.
Data for the number of native speakers and ethnic population comes from D. Bradley (2000).
Southwest Sichuan, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Muli Tibetan Autonomous County.