Information from: “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
Threatened
40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,118
1,518 in Laos, 600 in Vietnam. One of the smallest recognized ethnic groups in Laos and Vietnam.
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
MORE ON VITALITY
While most members of the ethnic group can speak the language, it has low prestige and is losing domains.
PLACES
Laos and Vietnam
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
Northern Laos: mainly in northeastern Namtha and northern Muangsai provinces, and one village relocated near Luang Phabang. Northwestern Vietnam: Miuiong Te District of Lai Chau Province.
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
Threatened
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,610
1,770 in Laos (1995 census). 840 in Viet Nam (1999 census)
PLACES
Vietnam; Laos;
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
Viet Nam: Lai Chau Province. North central Laos, north of Muong Hai.
Information from: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing
Threatened
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,600
Information from: “World Oral Literature Project” .
Threatened
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available