"The analysis suggests a major language shift across the different ethnic groups under investigation. The shift is particularly striking among the Dilling group, given the fact that Dilling is being lost in its own homeland. Only 4.07%% of the group indicted that they used Dilling as a primary language. [...] Dilling is losing ground in its own homeland, Dilling City, and hence can be considered among the most endangered languages in the region."

"The Arabic-medium education, and the multilingualism in which Arabic is the only available lingua franca, must have played the lion’s share in the process of language shift in Dilling City and among the Dilling speech community. [...] Arabic has supplanted ethnic languages in almost all domains of communication. Arabic is used predominantly in the home, outside of the home and on social occasions. Positive attitudes towards Arabic appear to have played a major role in the processes of language shift that have occurred in the region."