Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Djaru, Jaroo, Tjaru, Wawari, Dyaru, Charrau, Deharu, Djara, Djaro, Jarrau, Jarroo, Jarrou, Jaruo, Jaruru, Ka:biri, Karbery, Kodjangana, Meening, Neening, Nining, Njinin, Njining, Nyinin, Ruby Creek, Waringari, Waiangara
CLASSIFICATION		Pama-Nyungan, Ngumpin-Yapa, closely related to Wanyjirra
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3; Glottolog
LANGUAGE CODE		ddj; jaru1254
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Nyininy Wawarl
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Jaru (Australia) - Language Snapshot” . Josua Dahmen, Francesco Possemato, Joe Blythe (2020) , Peter K. Austin · ELPublishing

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
217
Native speakers worldwide

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Children are socialised in English-based Kimberley variety of Kriol with frequent lexical borrowings from Jaru, a regional lingua franca.

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

Code-switching and code-mixing is the norm, while English is used in formal education, government institutions, and interactions with non-Aboriginal people.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Kriol
Australian English
neighboring traditional languages

PLACES: Jaru is traditionally spoken in the East Kimberley region of northern Western Australia. The Wawarl dialect was spoken around the Old Town of Halls Creek and on the pastoral stations of Lamboo and Ruby Plains; the dialect of Nyininy was spoken around Gordon Downs, Sturt Creek, Flora Valley, Nicholson, and Turner River Stations. Today most Jaru people ive in Halls Creek, Yaruman, Kururrungku (Billiluna), Wirrimanu (Balgo), Malarn (Mulan), Lajamanu, and Kunnurra.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
340
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1996 census.

DATE OF INFO: 1996

PLACES: Australia;

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
250
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
250
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 1981

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"The children speak the English-based pidgin lingua franca Kriol or Aboriginal English, and the number of Jaru speakers has been decreasing. The language is endangered."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Kriol
Aboriginal English

More on Orthography

"There is some limited literacy."

PLACES: Australia: Northwestern Western Australia, Halls Creek, southwestern Kimberley region.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
353
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
40 speakers of Nyininy variety.

DATE OF INFO: 2006

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
250
Native speakers worldwide

				2007	Australasia and the Pacific	Atlas of the World's Languages	97-126		R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley	Routledge			4		Darrell Tryon	Tryon, Darrell. 2007. "Australasia and the Pacific." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley. 97-126. Routledge.		250		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
			16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)				M. Paul Lewis	SIL International		Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	340	1996	100-999	Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1996 census.				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Australia;
				2011	How many languages were spoken in Australia?			Also includes subsequent additions by CB directly into ElCat						http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx	Claire Bowern	Claire Bowern. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?" Online: http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx.															-19.14885981,127.88086
					Austlang: Australian Indigenous Languages Database					AIATSIS		Canberra		http://austlang.aiatsis.gov.au		AUSTLANG: Australian Indigenous Languages Database. (19 October, 2009.)	ll_pub	353	2006	100-999	40 speakers of Nyininy variety.				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
ISSN: 1740-6234	Language Snapshots	July		2020	Jaru (Australia) - Language Snapshot				Peter K. Austin	ELPublishing	Language Documentation and Description			http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/17/ldd17_12.pdf	Josua Dahmen, Francesco Possemato, Joe Blythe	Dahmen, Josua, Francesco Possemato & Joe Blythe. 2020. Jaru (Australia) – Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description 17, 142-149. London: EL Publishing. http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/190		217		100-999		Kriol, Australian English, neighboring traditional languages	Code-switching and code-mixing is the norm, while English is used in formal education, government institutions, and interactions with non-Aboriginal people.		Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	Children are socialised in English-based Kimberley variety of Kriol with frequent lexical borrowings from Jaru, a regional lingua franca.	14	12	Jaru is traditionally spoken in the East Kimberley region of northern Western Australia. The Wawarl dialect was spoken around the Old Town of Halls Creek and on the pastoral stations of Lamboo and Ruby Plains; the dialect of Nyininy was spoken around Gordon Downs, Sturt Creek, Flora Valley, Nicholson, and Turner River Stations. Today most Jaru people ive in Halls Creek, Yaruman, Kururrungku (Billiluna), Wirrimanu (Balgo), Malarn (Mulan), Lajamanu, and Kunnurra.	-18.5244, 127.5825
					World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		250		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
070071197X		3	1	2007	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages					Routledge		Abingdon			Christopher Moseley	Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X	ll_pub	250	1981	100-999		Kriol, Aboriginal English		Some	Severely Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	"The children speak the English-based pidgin lingua franca Kriol or Aboriginal English, and the number of Jaru speakers has been decreasing. The language is endangered."	14	13	Australia: Northwestern Western Australia, Halls Creek, southwestern Kimberley region.

Jaru

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

217

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

340

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Severely endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

353

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Discussion

Jaru

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

217

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

340

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Severely endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

353

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Discussion

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