Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Chilling, Chɨlɨng, Chulung, Chholung, Chhilling, Chhûlûng Rûng, Chülüng
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Kiranti
ORTHOGRAPHY		Devanagari script
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		cur
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “An ethnolinguistic observation of Chhulung Rai, a highly endangered language” . Man Kumari Limbu (2007)

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1314
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
4850 (2001 census)

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"[C]hildren are not acquiring the Chhulung language natively because parents' attitudes towards mother tongue is not positive. They think that if their children speak the Chhulung language (mother tongue), they will be weak in Nepali and English. So their parents are urging to learn Nepali language more correctly and create a situation of forgetting the mother tongue." (p. 34)

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

negative

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Bantawa; Nepali

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Bantawa is used when speaking to the neighboring Bantawa people. Nepali is the lingua franca and the medium for education. Younger people in general speak Nepali natively and parents are not willing to pass down Chhulung to their children with the concern that speaking Chhulung may influence children's ability to master Nepali.

Scripts (Writing system)

Devanagari script

PLACES: Nepal

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Akhisalla Village Development Committee of Dhankuta

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,310
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 2001 census.

DATE OF INFO: 2001

PLACES: Nepal

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,314
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,314
Native speakers worldwide

3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger			UNESCO Publishing	Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,314		1000-9999							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							26.9483,87.2527
	2007	An ethnolinguistic observation of Chhulung Rai, a highly endangered language		online			Social Inclusion Research Fund (SIRF) SNV Nepal	http://www.socialinclusion.org.np/new/files/37%20Man%20Kumari%20Limbu_1336387314cmte.pdf	Man Kumari Limbu	Limbu, Man Kumari. 2007. An ethnolinguistic observation of Chhulung Rai, a highly endangered language. 50pp.		4850 (2001 census)	1314		1000-9999		all	Bantawa; Nepali	negative	Bantawa is used when speaking to the neighboring Bantawa people. Nepali is the lingua franca and the medium for education. Younger people in general speak Nepali natively and parents are not willing to pass down Chhulung to their children with the concern that speaking Chhulung may influence children's ability to master Nepali.	all	Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	"[C]hildren are not acquiring the Chhulung language natively because parents' attitudes towards mother tongue is not positive. They think that if their children speak the Chhulung language (mother tongue), they will be weak in Nepali and English. So their parents are urging to learn Nepali language more correctly and create a situation of forgetting the mother tongue." (p. 34)	12	13	Nepal	Akhisalla Village Development Committee of Dhankuta
		World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,314		1000-9999							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)	M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,310	2001	1000-9999	Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 2001 census.						Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Nepal

Chhulung

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1314

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,310

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,314

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,314

Discussion

Chhulung

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1314

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,310

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,314

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,314

Discussion

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Sources of information

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