信息不完整 “Nicaraguan Creole English” (115-126) . Angela Bartens (2013) , Susanne Maria Michaelis and Philippe Maurer and Martin Haspelmath and Magnus Huber · Oxford University Press
易危
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
35,000-50,0000
Nicaraguan Creole English is spoken as a first language by 35,000 to 50,000 ethnic Creoles, the Rama, Nicaraguan Garifuna, and some Miskito, and as an L2 by other Miskitos and some Mestizos.
该群体使用的其他语言
Spanish; English; Western Kwa languages
especially Twi-Fante; Miskito; Rama; Arawakan
语言环境评论
"Creole English is used to an increasing degree in the churches (Decker & Keener 1998) and in bilingual education programs...virtually all reading is done in Spanish" (Bartens 2013:116).
地点
Autonomous Regions of the Atlantic Coast, Nicaragua; Nicaragua; USA
地点描述
Speakers themselves identify at least the variants of Bluefields, the Corn Islands, Pearl Lagoon, Rama Cay, Orinoco, and Bilwi. There are also Creole speakers in Bonanza, La Rosita, Siuna, and some other smaller settlements as well as in Managua and on the Pacific coast of the country in general.
其他评论
Autonomous Regions of the Nicaraguan Caribbean Coast; diaspora communities in Nicaragua (Managua) and the United States.
信息不完整 “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
易危
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
30,000
"625 Rama Cay Creole speakers (Holm 1989)." Data for the number of native speakers comes from Carrier Pidgin (1986).
信息日期
1986
信息不完整 “World Oral Literature Project” .
易危
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available