Pela
[aka Bola, Bela, Pala]Classification: Sino-Tibetan
·vulnerable
Classification: Sino-Tibetan
·vulnerable
Bola, Bela, Pala, Polo, Pola, 波拉語, 波拉話 |
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Sino-Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese |
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ISO 639-3 |
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bxd |
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As csv |
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Information from: “A study of Pela (波拉語研究)” . Dai Qingxia (戴慶廈) and Jiang Ying (蔣穎) and Kong Zhi'en (孔志恩) (2007) Beijing: Minzu Publisher (民族出版社)
~ 600
Around 500 speakers in China and 100 speakers in Myanmar. Classified under the Jingpo 景頗 nationality in China.
Zaiwa; Maru; Lashi; Mandarin; Dai;
The Pela people practice exogamy with speakers of other Jingpo 景頗 languages in China such as Zaiwa 載瓦, Maru 浪速 and Lashi 勒期
mostly in Luxi 潞西, Lianghe 梁河, Longchuan 隴川 of Jingpo 景頗 Antonymous Prefecture, Yunnan 雲南 Province, China; around 100 in the Myanmar-China border.
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
1,000
Data for the number of native speakers comes from D. Bradley (2000). Data for the ethnic population is from J. Edmondson (2001).
Information from: “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
The Pola are an exogamous patrilineal clan within the Jinghpaw/Kachin, and so all are multilingual, speaking other languages from within the cluster natively, as well as some Chinese and a local Tai language.
Yunnan, Dehong 德宏 Prefecture
Well under a thousand in Luxi 潞西, Yingjiang 盈江 and surrounding counties, included in the Jingpo 景頗 nationality, intermarrying with other groups within this nationality including Zaiwa 載瓦 (Atsi, Zi) and Langsu 浪速 (Lawngwaw, Maru) as well as Jinghpaw 景頗.
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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SOURCE: “A study of Pela (波拉語研究)” . Dai Qingxia (戴慶廈) and Jiang Ying (蔣穎) and Kong Zhi'en (孔志恩) (2007) Beijing: Minzu Publisher (民族出版社) |
SOURCE: “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge |
9787105089932 | 2007 | A study of Pela (波拉語研究) | in Chinese | Beijing: Minzu Publisher (民族出版社) | Dai Qingxia (戴慶廈) and Jiang Ying (蔣穎) and Kong Zhi'en (孔志恩) | Dai Qingxia (戴慶廈), Jiang Ying (蔣穎) and Kong Zhi'en (孔志恩). 2007. "A Study of Pela (波拉語研究)." Beijing: Minzu Publisher (民族出版社). | ~ 600 | ~ 600 | 2005 | 100-999 | Around 500 speakers in China and 100 speakers in Myanmar. Classified under the Jingpo 景頗 nationality in China. | Mandarin in official and the others in daily life | Zaiwa; Maru; Lashi; Mandarin; Dai; | positive | The Pela people practice exogamy with speakers of other Jingpo 景頗 languages in China such as Zaiwa 載瓦, Maru 浪速 and Lashi 勒期 | all | Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 10 | 11 | 10 | China; Myanmar | mostly in Luxi 潞西, Lianghe 梁河, Longchuan 隴川 of Jingpo 景頗 Antonymous Prefecture, Yunnan 雲南 Province, China; around 100 in the Myanmar-China border. | 24.449, 98.585; 24.184, 94.794; 24.815, 98.293 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 1,000 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 25.0638,98.2414 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2007 | East and Southeast Asia | Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages | 349-424 | C. Moseley | London & New York: Routledge | David Bradley | Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 349-424. London & New York: Routledge. | HHOLD | <1,000 | 100-999 | Well under a thousand | The Pola are an exogamous patrilineal clan within the Jinghpaw/Kachin, and so all are multilingual, speaking other languages from within the cluster natively, as well as some Chinese and a local Tai language. | Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Well under a thousand in Luxi 潞西, Yingjiang 盈江 and surrounding counties, included in the Jingpo 景頗 nationality, intermarrying with other groups within this nationality including Zaiwa 載瓦 (Atsi, Zi) and Langsu 浪速 (Lawngwaw, Maru) as well as Jinghpaw 景頗. | China | Yunnan, Dehong 德宏 Prefecture | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 400 | 100-999 | Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 1,000 | 400 | 100-999 | Data for the number of native speakers comes from D. Bradley (2000). Data for the ethnic population is from J. Edmondson (2001). | Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | China; |