Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Gurama, Jana:ri, Jawunmara, Karama, Kerama, Korama, Kurama, Karima, Karlamay, Kurama-Jindjibandi
CLASSIFICATION		Pama-Nyungan, Ngayarta
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		vku
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Kurrama” . Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre (2009)

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"In 2002 there were estimated to be less than 10 Kurrama speakers left. Now, that number will be less but is unknown. There are many more Kurrama people who have a partial or passive understanding of the language. Other people identify as being of Kurrama heritage and do not speak the language or speak other languages after marrying into other language groups."

DATE OF INFO: 2002

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Kurrama country is traditionally around the Hamersley Range area from Marandoo and Tom Price to Palm Springs in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Traditional land also extended along Duck Creek, around Boolgeeda Creek, the western arm of the Beasley River down to Cajuput Spring, and around Red Hill."

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Native speakers worldwide

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<50
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"In 1981, perhaps fifty speakers were reported. Today there are much fewer."

DATE OF INFO: 1981

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"The language is endangered and is moving towards being seriously endangered."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"All are bilingual in English."

PLACES: Australia: Northwestern Western Australia, southeast of Pannawonica.

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
50
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 1981

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
50
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
50 (Wurm and Hattori 1981)

DATE OF INFO: 1981

PLACES: Australia;

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
50
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Native speakers worldwide

			2007	Australasia and the Pacific	Atlas of the World's Languages	97-126		R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley		Routledge		4		Darrell Tryon	Tryon, Darrell. 2007. "Australasia and the Pacific." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley. 97-126. Routledge.		50	1981	10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
			2009	Kurrama					Web page				http://www.wangkamaya.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=173&Itemid=335	Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre	Wangka Maya Pilbara Aboriginal Language Centre. 2009. "Kurrama." Online: http://www.wangkamaya.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=173&Itemid=335.		<10	2002	1-9	"In 2002 there were estimated to be less than 10 Kurrama speakers left. Now, that number will be less but is unknown. There are many more Kurrama people who have a partial or passive understanding of the language. Other people identify as being of Kurrama heritage and do not speak the language or speak other languages after marrying into other language groups."				Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						"Kurrama country is traditionally around the Hamersley Range area from Marandoo and Tom Price to Palm Springs in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Traditional land also extended along Duck Creek, around Boolgeeda Creek, the western arm of the Beasley River down to Cajuput Spring, and around Red Hill."
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)				M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	50	1981	10-99	50 (Wurm and Hattori 1981)				Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Australia;
			2011	How many languages were spoken in Australia?			Also includes subsequent additions by CB directly into ElCat						http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx	Claire Bowern	Claire Bowern. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?" Online: http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx.																-22.86592473,116.6221125
				Austlang: Australian Indigenous Languages Database						AIATSIS	Canberra		http://austlang.aiatsis.gov.au		AUSTLANG: Australian Indigenous Languages Database. (19 October, 2009.)	ll_pub	10		10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger						UNESCO Publishing	Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	10		10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
				World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		50		10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
070071197X	3	1	2007	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages						Routledge	Abingdon			Christopher Moseley	Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X	ll_pub	<50	1981	10-99	"In 1981, perhaps fifty speakers were reported. Today there are much fewer."	English	"All are bilingual in English."	All	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	"The language is endangered and is moving towards being seriously endangered."	13	15	Australia: Northwestern Western Australia, southeast of Pannawonica.

Kurrama

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Discussion

Kurrama

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Discussion

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