Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Bokha, Hlaka Mujima, Phula
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese
ORTHOGRAPHY		no
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		ymx
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation.” . Jamin Pelkey (2011) De Gruyter Mouton

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
9,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
15,000

DATE OF INFO: 2005

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Some villages in Xiepo have begun to shift to (southwestern) Mandarin 50 years ago. Conversation in the home domains are 50% in Northern Muji and 50% in Mandarin. For the Northern Muji living close to cities, only middle aged and elderly people are able to speak Northern Muji. As for the ethnic Nothern Muji who live in Luoshuidong, none of them speak Northern Muji. Community announcements and meetings are all in Mandarin.

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

(southewestern) Mandarin

Scripts (Writing system)

PLACES: China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Shuitian (水田), Lengquan (冷泉) and Qilubai (期路白) Townships of Mengzi (蒙自) County, and Xinxian (新現) Township of Pingbian (屏邊) County, Yunnan Province.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
9,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: China;

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
36,500
Native speakers worldwide

	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger			UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		36,500		10000-99999						Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							23.6,102.7333
978-3-11-024584-4		2011	Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation.	Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation.		De Gruyter Mouton			Jamin Pelkey	Pelkey, Jamin R. 2011. Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton.		15,000	9,000	2005	1000-9999	most domains	(southewestern) Mandarin	no	no	all	Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	Some villages in Xiepo have begun to shift to (southwestern) Mandarin 50 years ago. Conversation in the home domains are 50% in Northern Muji and 50% in Mandarin. For the Northern Muji living close to cities, only middle aged and elderly people are able to speak Northern Muji. As for the ethnic Nothern Muji who live in Luoshuidong, none of them speak Northern Muji. Community announcements and meetings are all in Mandarin.	14	13	China	Shuitian (水田), Lengquan (冷泉) and Qilubai (期路白) Townships of Mengzi (蒙自) County, and Xinxian (新現) Township of Pingbian (屏邊) County, Yunnan Province.	23.133, 103.382; 23.207, 103.389; 23.196, 103.522; 23.176, 103.536
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)		M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		9,000		1000-9999						Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					China;

Northern Muji

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

36,500

Discussion

Northern Muji

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

9,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

36,500

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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