Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Sanapana, Quilyacmoc, Kelya'mok, Saapa'ang, Kisapang
CLASSIFICATION		Enlhet-Enenlhet (Mascoyan)
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		spn
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Temporal Predicative Particles in Sanapaná and the Enlhet-Enenlhet Language Family (Paraguay): Descriptive and Comparative Study” . Van Gysel, Jens L. (2017)

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1500
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
3,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"with around half of the almost 3000 ethnic Sana- paná still speaking the ancestral language."

DATE OF INFO: 2017

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"Despite its comparatively low number of native speakers, however, Sanapaná is not a critically en- dangered language. There are two communities, La Esperanza and Anaconda, where virtually the whole population still speaks Sanapaná (88% and 93%, respectively, see DGEEC 2012). Additionally, it is in these two communities still transmitted to the youngest generations of children, who are often monolingual in Sanapaná until they enter school (personal observation), and it is used in almost all domains of daily life, including religious life (personal observation, Gomes 2013: 72)." [p.5]

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Guaraní
Spanish

PLACES: Paraguay

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
785
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2007

MORE ON VITALITY

Vigorous. Many youth speak only Guaraní. Also use Enlhet [enl], Enxet [enx], Paraguayan Guaraní [gug] (2013).

PLACES: Paraguay;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Presidente Hayes Department, between Anaconda to the north and La Palmera to the south.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6,900
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~785
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,065

PLACES: Paraguay

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Department of Presidente Hayes,
Pozo Colorado (La Esperanza and Nueva Promesa) and Menno districts, Department of Alto Paraguay, District of Fuerte Olimpo.

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
914
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2,271
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"El censo de 2002 registra un total de 2.271 sanapaná, de los cuales 914 hablan el sanapaná en su hogar."
(The 2002 census registers a total of 2,271 Sanapaná, of whom 914 speak Sanapaná at home.)

DATE OF INFO: 2002

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

MORE ON VITALITY

"Dada la discrepancia entre el número de personas adscritas al grupo étnico sanapaná y el de los individuos que hablan esta lengua, resulta obvio que el uso de la lengua original va mermando."

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
980
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2270

DATE OF INFO: 2002 (census)

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: Many youth speak only Guaraní.

PLACES: Paraguay

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Alto Paraguay and Boquerón departments; Presidente Hayes department: Anaconda north to La Palmera south.

		16		2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX			http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		785	2007	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Vigorous. Many youth speak only Guaraní. Also use Enlhet [enl], Enxet [enx], Paraguayan Guaraní [gug] (2013).				Paraguay;	Presidente Hayes Department, between Anaconda to the north and La Palmera to the south.
				2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International			Dallas, Texas			http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		2270	980	2002 (census)	100-999		Enlhet [enl], Enxet [enx], Paraguayan Guaraní [gug]	Many youth speak only Guaraní.	Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Alto Paraguay and Boquerón departments; Presidente Hayes department: Anaconda north to La Palmera south.	Paraguay
		3rd		2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing			Paris			http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub																-22,-59
Diccionario Etnolingüìstico y Güía Bibliográfica de los Pueblos Indígenas Sudamericanos	June		1	2005	Los pueblos del Gran Chaco y sus lenguas, primera parte: Los enlhet-enenlhet del Chaco Paraguayo		503-569				Suplemento Antropológico	40	Asunción, Paraguay			http://ling.fi/Entradas%20diccionario/Dic=EnlhetEnenlhet.pdf	Alain Fabre	Alain Fabre. 2005. "Los Pueblos Del Gran Chaco Y Sus Lenguas, Primera Parte: Los Enlhet-enenlhet Del Chaco Paraguayo." In Diccionario Etnolingüìstico y Güía Bibliográfica de los Pueblos Indígenas Sudamericanos, Online: http://www.ling.fi/Entradas%%20diccionario/Dic=EnlhetEnenlhet.pdf.		2,271	914	2002	100-999	"El censo de 2002 registra un total de 2.271 sanapaná, de los cuales 914 hablan el sanapaná en su hogar." (The 2002 census registers a total of 2,271 Sanapaná, of whom 914 speak Sanapaná at home.)			Severely Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		"Dada la discrepancia entre el número de personas adscritas al grupo étnico sanapaná y el de los individuos que hablan esta lengua, resulta obvio que el uso de la lengua original va mermando."	14	14
				2017	Temporal Predicative Particles in Sanapaná and the Enlhet-Enenlhet Language Family (Paraguay): Descriptive and Comparative Study	Temporal Predicative Particles in Sanapaná and the Enlhet-Enenlhet Language Family (Paraguay): a Descriptive and Comparative Study.			MA thesis					Leiden University	Leiden University	https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/52531/Jens%20Van%20Gysel_Temporal%20Predicative%20Particles%20in%20Sanapaná%20and%20the%20Enlhet-Enenlhet%20languages.pdf?sequence=1	Van Gysel, Jens L.	Van Gysel, Jens L. 2017. Temporal Predicative Particles in Sanapaná and the Enlhet-Enenlhet Language Family (Paraguay): a Descriptive and Comparative Study. Leiden University MA thesis.		3,000	~1500	2017	1000-9999	"with around half of the almost 3000 ethnic Sana- paná still speaking the ancestral language."	Guaraní, Spanish		Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	"Despite its comparatively low number of native speakers, however, Sanapaná is not a critically en- dangered language. There are two communities, La Esperanza and Anaconda, where virtually the whole population still speaks Sanapaná (88% and 93%, respectively, see DGEEC 2012). Additionally, it is in these two communities still transmitted to the youngest generations of children, who are often monolingual in Sanapaná until they enter school (personal observation), and it is used in almost all domains of daily life, including religious life (personal observation, Gomes 2013: 72)." [p.5]		13		Paraguay
				2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge							Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	1,065	~785		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Paraguay	Department of Presidente Hayes, Pozo Colorado (La Esperanza and Nueva Promesa) and Menno districts, Department of Alto Paraguay, District of Fuerte Olimpo.
					World Oral Literature Project											http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			6,900		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Sanapaná

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

785

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,900

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~785

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

914

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

980

Discussion

Sanapaná

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

785

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,900

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~785

Severely endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

914

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

980

Discussion

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Sources of information

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