Endangered Languages Project

Alias		Caliana, Kaliana, Kariana, Calianá, Chirichano, Cariana
KLASSIFIZIERUNG		Isolate, South America
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3; Glottolog
SPRACHENCODE		spc; sape1238
DOWNLOAD		Als csv
WEITERE RESSOURCEN		OLAC-Suche
WEITERE KOMMENTARE		Sapé / Kaliana has sometimes been considered extinct, though reports persist of possible (but unidentified) speakers; 40 words were collected from what appear to be rememberers in 2008 (Perozo et al. 2008).

Compare Sources (8)

Informationen von: “Sapé (Venezuela) - Language Snapshot” . Jorge Emilio Roses Labrada, Francia Medina (2019) , Peter K. Austin · ELPublishing

Ernsthaft gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
9
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
In 2017, researchers found one (semi-)speaker in Boca de Ichún, one in Venevené, and two from Karunkén who moved to Yuwapí Merú,

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 2016

NUTZUNGSBEREICHE
ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG
ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

ORTE: Karún and Upper Paragua rivers & tributaries in the Bolivar State of Venezuela

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Muttersprachler weltweit

Stark gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
50
Muttersprachler weltweit

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
<25
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
5 (1977 E. Migliazza). Ethnic population: 25 or fewer (1977 E. Migliazza).
(Speaker number unchanged 2016.)

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 1977

ORTE: Venezuela;

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Bolivar State, 3 small settlements on the Paragua and Karuna rivers.

WEITERE KOMMENTARE: Bolivar State, 3 small settlements on the Paragua and Karuna rivers.

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
a few elders
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
20

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 2008

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG

ORTE: Venezuela

Format
0?
Muttersprachler weltweit
HALBSPRECHER
4?
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
In 1964 only 10 adults could speak some Sapé; Migliazza recorded Sapé materials from one of the last speakers in that year. Walter Coppens (1970a) found a speaker who was married to two women of Uruák origin, though everyone in the family spoke only Pemón. From Coppens’ description, this consultant seems to have been a semi-speaker. Coppens (1970a) collected a small unpublished vocabulary list from him. By 1977 there were reported to be only 5 speakers (Migliazza 1978). Francia Medina (2008) reported that the last speaker of Sapé passed away in 2004; she had lived in the community of Boca de Karún. Nevertheless, Laura Perozo et al. (2008:175) report that in fieldwork in 2005 four speakers (apparently semi-speakers) of Sapé were found, two in the community of Karunken (río Karún), one in Boca de Ichún, and one in the community of Kawaimaken. One of these, Carolina Torres Capote of Karunken was over 60 years old in 2005 (Medina 2008:740), from whom Perozo et al. were able to obtain a short wordlist.

MEHR ZU SPRACHBESTÄNDIGKEIT

Francia Medina (2008) reported that the last speaker of Sapé passed away in 2004. Laura Perozo et al. (2008:175) report that in fieldwork in 2005 four speakers (apparently semi-speakers) of Sapé were found. One of these, Carolina Torres Capote of Karunken, was over 60 years old in 2005 (Medina 2008:740), from whom Perozo et al. were obtained a short wordlist (40 words).

SPRECHEREINSTELLUNG

Negative

ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

Spanish
Pemon

ORTE: Venezuela

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Sapé (a.k.a. Kaliana, Kariana, Sape) was spoken on the Paragua River and its Karun tributary in southern Venezuela near Brazil. Its status is unclear.

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Muttersprachler weltweit

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 1977

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
28 (in 1992)
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
Most Sapé have intermarried with Pemon (Cariban), and a few with Uruak and Yanam (Yanomaman). These linguistically mixed marriages, especially with the economically more powerful Pemon, have led to a language shift from Sapé to Pemon.

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 1985

ORTE: Venezuela

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Bolivar State, three settlements on the Paragua and Karun rivers.

				2013	Three critically endangered language isolates, Mako, Sape, and Uruak								National Science Foundation		Campbell, Lyle, Ernesto Migliazza, Raoul Zamponi, Christopher Rogers	Campbell, Lyle, Ernesto Migliazza, Raoul Zamponi, Christopher Rogers. 2013. Three critically endangered language isolates, Mako, Sape, and Uruak. Supplement to NSF grant 1058096: Collaborative Research: Endangered Languages Catalog (ELCat).			0?			In 1964 only 10 adults could speak some Sapé; Migliazza recorded Sapé materials from one of the last speakers in that year. Walter Coppens (1970a) found a speaker who was married to two women of Uruák origin, though everyone in the family spoke only Pemón. From Coppens’ description, this consultant seems to have been a semi-speaker. Coppens (1970a) collected a small unpublished vocabulary list from him. By 1977 there were reported to be only 5 speakers (Migliazza 1978). Francia Medina (2008) reported that the last speaker of Sapé passed away in 2004; she had lived in the community of Boca de Karún. Nevertheless, Laura Perozo et al. (2008:175) report that in fieldwork in 2005 four speakers (apparently semi-speakers) of Sapé were found, two in the community of Karunken (río Karún), one in Boca de Ichún, and one in the community of Kawaimaken. One of these, Carolina Torres Capote of Karunken was over 60 years old in 2005 (Medina 2008:740), from whom Perozo et al. were able to obtain a short wordlist.	4?	Spanish, Pemon,	Negative	Dormant ()		Francia Medina (2008) reported that the last speaker of Sapé passed away in 2004. Laura Perozo et al. (2008:175) report that in fieldwork in 2005 four speakers (apparently semi-speakers) of Sapé were found. One of these, Carolina Torres Capote of Karunken, was over 60 years old in 2005 (Medina 2008:740), from whom Perozo et al. were obtained a short wordlist (40 words).				Venezuela	Sapé (a.k.a. Kaliana, Kariana, Sape) was spoken on the Paragua River and its Karun tributary in southern Venezuela near Brazil. Its status is unclear.
			16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	<25	5	1977	1-9	5 (1977 E. Migliazza). Ethnic population: 25 or fewer (1977 E. Migliazza). (Speaker number unchanged 2016.)				Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Bolivar State, 3 small settlements on the Paragua and Karuna rivers.	Venezuela;	Bolivar State, 3 small settlements on the Paragua and Karuna rivers.
				2010	The status of the least documented language families in the world		177-212			Language Documentation and Conservation	4			http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/4478/hammarstrom.pdf;jsessionid=76414DD90F95DF076959B1AEB0158091?sequence=1	Hammarström, Harald	Harald Hammarström. 2010. "The Status of the Least Documented Language Families in the World." In Language Documentation and Conservation, 4: 177-212. Online: http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/4478/hammarstrom.pdf;jsessionid=76414DD90F95DF076959B1AEB0158091?sequence=1.			5	1977	1-9					Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15			15
ISSN: 1740-6234	Language Snapshots	August		2019	Sapé (Venezuela) - Language Snapshot			Peter K. Austin	ELPublishing	Language Documentation and Description	16			http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/16/ldd16_06.pdf	Jorge Emilio Roses Labrada, Francia Medina	Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada & Francia Medina (2019). Sapé (Venezuela) — Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.) Language Documentation and Description, vol 16. London: EL Publishing. pp. 169-175. http://www.elpublishing.org/PID/172		9	5	2016	1-9	In 2017, researchers found one (semi-)speaker in Boca de Ichún, one in Venevené, and two from Karunkén who moved to Yuwapí Merú,		Pemón, Spanish		Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15	15		Karún and Upper Paragua rivers & tributaries in the Bolivar State of Venezuela		5.0033,-63.5449
			3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		50		10-99					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								5.0033,-63.5449
				2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge						Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	28 (in 1992)	5	1985	1-9	Most Sapé have intermarried with Pemon (Cariban), and a few with Uruak and Yanam (Yanomaman). These linguistically mixed marriages, especially with the economically more powerful Pemon, have led to a language shift from Sapé to Pemon.				Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Venezuela	Bolivar State, three settlements on the Paragua and Karun rivers.
					World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			5		1-9					Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
				2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona	Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin			Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		20	a few elders	2008	1-9					Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15			15		Venezuela

Sapé

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Ernsthaft gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Stark gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

a few elders

Format

0?

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Diskussion

Sapé

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Ernsthaft gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Stark gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

50

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

a few elders

Format

0?

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Ernsthaft gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Diskussion

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