Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Xinalug, Xinaliq, Khinalug, Khinalugi, каьтш мицI, kätš micʼ, хиналугский язык, kaʕtʃ mitsʼ, kätš, kätiš, kättid mic’, Xınalıq dili, kətşi mi,
CLASSIFICATION		Northeast Caucasian, Daghestanian
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		kjj
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “The future of the shahdagh languages.” (33-45) . John M. Clifton (2009) , Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelia Garcia Otheguy · De Gruyter

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
3,000
CHILDREN
350-400
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"The language use patterns for Xınalıq village show that Khinalug is the language of the home and the
village, while Azerbaijani is the language of education and outside contact. Both are necessary in daily life, and both are valued for specific purposes."

DATE OF INFO: 2001

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"Azerbaijani is used when speaking to non-Khinalug people, for official or educational purposes within the village, and for many situations outside the village. At the same time, the residents of Xınalıq village have a positive attitude toward the Khinalug language, and desire to continue using it in the home and the village. Although parents want their children to learn Azerbaijani well for school and for the demands of adult life, they also want the children to learn to speak Khinalug. Many adults in the village said that mothers should speak Khinalug to their children, so that the children learn Khinalug before any other languages. The effendeh, or head mullah, uses Khinalug alongside Arabic, especially for teaching. The current generation of young children is reported to show good mastery of Khinalug, and use it actively within the home and the village."

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Azerbaijani
Arabic (religious purposes)

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"There is one school in Xınalıq village, with grades 1 through 11. In 2001 there were between 350 and 400 students at the school. All the teachers are from Xınalıq village and speak Khinalug as their first language. There is also an outpatient clinic with a doctor and a functioning mosque."

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "The majority of ethnic Khinalug live in just two mountain villages: Xınalıq
and Gulustan (also known as Vladimirovka) in Quba district. Out of a
total of approximately 3000 Khinalug, up to 2300 live in these two villages.
The rest of the Khinalug live in a number of ethnically mixed plains
villages, mostly in Quba district."

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Ethnic population
2,500
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The statistics from 1976 on the Khinalug village were gathered by a research group under the guidance of N. Volkova from the Ethnographic Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Unfortunately, this data merely reflects the total number of inhabitants living in the Khinalug village irrespective of their nationality or mother tongue.

DATE OF INFO: 1976

DOMAINS OF USE

MORE ON VITALITY

While the statistics of the 1926 census show a comparatively good command of the Khinalug language and supposedly, also its wide use, by the 1970s Khinalug was relegated to domestic use only. Azerbaijani is preferred for most other communication.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Azerbaijani

PLACES: Konakhkent district in Azerbaijan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: The upper reaches of the River Kudial-Tchai in the eastern part of the principal mountain chain of the Caucasus.

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000-2,000
Native speakers worldwide

TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Scripts (Writing system): none

PLACES: Northern Azerbaijan

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in the village of Khinalug in Kuba

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<1,500
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The most recent census gives a figure of 2,500 for the Khinaliq people for the year 1976 (cf. Clifton 2005). Over the years, figures for the Khinalug speakers have varied from 2,315 in 1886 to 100 (!) in 1926, 1,000 in 1968, and 1,754 according to a 1970 census. In the 1959 census, and in censuses since 1976, the Khinalug people were not counted as a separate ethnic group (Gardanova 1962, Desheriyev 1968, Kibrik 1972, Isaev 1978, Cavadov and Huseinov 1993) due to the ideological Soviet definition of “ethnicity” ('natsionalnost') that has persisted up to the present day in Azerbaijan. Nevertheless we may safely claim that the total amount of Khinalug native speakers by no means exceeds 1,500 persons today.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,500
Native speakers worldwide

1,500
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Azerbaijan;

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500
Native speakers worldwide

		2007	Europe and North Asia	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	211-282		C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge							Tapani Salminen	Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		1,000-2,000		1000-9999			Azerbaijani		schools and wider communication	Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13				Northern Azerbaijan	Spoken in the village of Khinalug in Kuba
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures				Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press			New York					2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																		41.1666666667,48.0833333333
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)				M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX			http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,500													Azerbaijan;
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger						UNESCO Publishing			Paris			http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		2,500		1000-9999						Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							41.1579,48.0706
1613-3668 (online ISSN)		2009	The future of the shahdagh languages.		33-45	Access through University of Hawai'i at Manoa	Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelia Garcia Otheguy	Journal; online	De Gruyter	International Journal of the Sociology of Language	2009	Walter de Gruyter, Inc., 125 Pearl Street, Third Floor, Boston, MA 02110	SIL International	University of North Dakota	http://www.degruyter.com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/view/j/ijsl.2009.2009.issue-198/ijsl.2009.025/ijsl.2009.025.xml	John M. Clifton	John M. Clifton. 2009. "The Future of the Shahdagh Languages." In International Journal of the Sociology of Language, edited by Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelia Garcia Otheguy. 2009: 33-45. De Gruyter. Online: http://www.degruyter.com.eres.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/view/j/ijsl.2009.2009.issue-198/ijsl.2009.025/ijsl.2009.025.xml.		3,000	3,000	2001	1000-9999	"The language use patterns for Xınalıq village show that Khinalug is the language of the home and the village, while Azerbaijani is the language of education and outside contact. Both are necessary in daily life, and both are valued for specific purposes."	Around the village and in the home.	Azerbaijani, Arabic (religious purposes)	"There is one school in Xınalıq village, with grades 1 through 11. In 2001 there were between 350 and 400 students at the school. All the teachers are from Xınalıq village and speak Khinalug as their first language. There is also an outpatient clinic with a doctor and a functioning mosque."		Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	"Azerbaijani is used when speaking to non-Khinalug people, for official or educational purposes within the village, and for many situations outside the village. At the same time, the residents of Xınalıq village have a positive attitude toward the Khinalug language, and desire to continue using it in the home and the village. Although parents want their children to learn Azerbaijani well for school and for the demands of adult life, they also want the children to learn to speak Khinalug. Many adults in the village said that mothers should speak Khinalug to their children, so that the children learn Khinalug before any other languages. The effendeh, or head mullah, uses Khinalug alongside Arabic, especially for teaching. The current generation of young children is reported to show good mastery of Khinalug, and use it actively within the home and the village."		11		"The majority of ethnic Khinalug live in just two mountain villages: Xınalıq and Gulustan (also known as Vladimirovka) in Quba district. Out of a total of approximately 3000 Khinalug, up to 2300 live in these two villages. The rest of the Khinalug live in a number of ethnically mixed plains villages, mostly in Quba district."
			World Oral Literature Project												http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,500		1000-9999						Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2011	Dissertation proposal: Reference Grammar of Khinalug											University of Utah		Tamrika Khvtisiashvili				<1,500		1000-9999	The most recent census gives a figure of 2,500 for the Khinaliq people for the year 1976 (cf. Clifton 2005). Over the years, figures for the Khinalug speakers have varied from 2,315 in 1886 to 100 (!) in 1926, 1,000 in 1968, and 1,754 according to a 1970 census. In the 1959 census, and in censuses since 1976, the Khinalug people were not counted as a separate ethnic group (Gardanova 1962, Desheriyev 1968, Kibrik 1972, Isaev 1978, Cavadov and Huseinov 1993) due to the ideological Soviet definition of “ethnicity” ('natsionalnost') that has persisted up to the present day in Azerbaijan. Nevertheless we may safely claim that the total amount of Khinalug native speakers by no means exceeds 1,500 persons today.					Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9985-936922		1993	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire				Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits								http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook		"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook.		2,500		1976		The statistics from 1976 on the Khinalug village were gathered by a research group under the guidance of N. Volkova from the Ethnographic Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Unfortunately, this data merely reflects the total number of inhabitants living in the Khinalug village irrespective of their nationality or mother tongue.		Azerbaijani			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		While the statistics of the 1926 census show a comparatively good command of the Khinalug language and supposedly, also its wide use, by the 1970s Khinalug was relegated to domestic use only. Azerbaijani is preferred for most other communication.	13		Konakhkent district in Azerbaijan	The upper reaches of the River Kudial-Tchai in the eastern part of the principal mountain chain of the Caucasus.

Khinalugh

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000-2,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,500

1,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Discussion

Khinalugh

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000-2,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,500

1,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Discussion

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Sources of information

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