Endangered Languages Project

The surviving Kamas language belongs to the Uighur-Tüküi group of the Turkic languages, related to Khakass and, in particular, to its Kyzyl dialect. Characteristically, there is a strong Samoyedic substratum. (The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire)

ALSO KNOWN AS		Karagas, Tofalar, тофаларский язык, Tofaca, Tofa Türkçesi, Тоъфа дыл, Tòfa dıl,
CLASSIFICATION		Turkic, South Siberian
ORTHOGRAPHY		none
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		kim
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (6)

Information from: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~40
Native speakers worldwide
SEMI SPEAKERS
~40
CHILDREN
0
YOUNG ADULTS
0

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

All known fluent speakers are above forty years of age

PLACES: Siberia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in the villages of Alygdzher, Nerkha and Verkhnyaya Gutara in Nizhneudinsk County in Irkutsk Province in the Russian Federation, to the
south of the city of Nizhneudinsk.

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
310
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
731
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
In 1989 43%% of the ethnic population of 731, were considered to be native speakers which is approximately 310.

DATE OF INFO: 1989

TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Scripts (Writing system): none
More on Orthography: Tofalars have no written language of their own and use Russian.

PLACES: Southern Siberia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Upper Mana and Kan rivers in the district of Krasnoyarsk, Southern Siberia.

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
27
Native speakers worldwide

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
28
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
730
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
28 (2001). Ethnic population: 730 (1989 census).

DATE OF INFO: 1989

PLACES: Russia;

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
40
Native speakers worldwide

		2007	Europe and North Asia	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	211-282	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge			Tapani Salminen	Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		0	~40		10-99		~40		Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	All known fluent speakers are above forty years of age	Siberia	Spoken in the villages of Alygdzher, Nerkha and Verkhnyaya Gutara in Nizhneudinsk County in Irkutsk Province in the Russian Federation, to the south of the city of Nizhneudinsk.
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.															53.75,98.0
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	730		28	1989	10-99	28 (2001). Ethnic population: 730 (1989 census).			Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Russia;
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub			40		10-99				Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					53.7324,98.2589
			World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.				27		10-99				Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9985-936922		1993	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire			Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits			http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook		"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook.		731		310	1989	100-999	In 1989 43%% of the ethnic population of 731, were considered to be native speakers which is approximately 310.		Russian	Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		Southern Siberia	Upper Mana and Kan rivers in the district of Krasnoyarsk, Southern Siberia.

Tofa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~40

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

27

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

28

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

40

Discussion

Tofa

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~40

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

27

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

28

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

40

Discussion

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