Yulu
[, другое название: Youlou,]Классификация: Central Sudanic
·близок к исчезновению
Классификация: Central Sudanic
·близок к исчезновению
Youlou |
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Central Sudanic, Bongo-Bagirmi |
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ISO 639-3 |
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yul |
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Как файл csv |
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Информация из: “An Axiomatic functionalist analysis of the phonology of Yulu” (230) . James D. Gabjanda (1976 )
"Given the wide geographical area where Yulu is spoken, it is extremely difficult to give even a rough estimate. I shall, therefore, confine myself to the sub-dialect under research. Even here the problem is complicated by the fact that... the language is spoken not only by the Yulu, but also by the neighbouring Binga and Kara. Furthermore, the only available figures from which the statistics have been quoted were those taken from the tax-payers list... It is the writer's own estimate from all indications that the
number of speakers of this particular sub-dialect under research may well range between 3,000-5,000."
"Other tribes, i. e. the Binga (pronounced biýa) and the Kara speak it [Yulu] as well... Yulu is the dominant
language of this area. Although many languages are spoken here, Yulu is still to be reckoned with - though Kreish was the language chosen later after the Rejaf Conference to be the language of instruction in this area... Although the Kara language is different from either Yulu or Binga... the Kara have to still use Yulu as a lingua franca because, administratively, they form a unit with the Binga the immediate
neighbours of the Yulu. These three tribes are so much linguistically and culturally integrated today that the common nomenclature by which other tribes call them is 'Yulu'... Yulu was not one of the languages recommended by the Rejaf Language Conference."
"The Yulu language is spoken today in two neighbouring African countries - in the Central African Republic (formerly French Equatorial Africa) and in the Republic of the Sudan [now in South Sudan]. In the former, it is spoken in the sub-prefecture of the Ouande-Djale mainly by the Yulu tribe itself. In the Sudan [now in South Sudan], things are somewhat different. Other tribes, i. e. the Binga (pronounced biýa) and the Kara speak it as well. Yulu is spoken in two areas in the Sudan - in and around the Rodom area in South-Western Darfur province mainly by the Binga and the Kara, and in the Raga district of the Bahr el Ghazal province of the south Sudan by the Yulu and the neighbouring Binga and Kara... Ouande-Djald is supposed to be the original home of the Yulu."
Информация из: “Brief Grammar Outlines of the Yulu and Kara Languages (Bahr el Ghazal, Sudan - Central African Republic)” . Stefano Santandrea (1970) Rome: Sodality of St.~Peter Claver
"[Yulu is not] indigenous to the Bahr el Ghazal... The Yulu... came into this land recently (after the defeat and the death of Sanusi, 1911-12) from what is now the Central African Republic... In 1930-1931 the three tribes [Yulu, Kara, Biŋa] were ordered to resettle nearer to Raga... In the northwestern Bahr el Ghazal, from 40 kilometers to the west of Raga onward, are settled the Yulu, the Biŋa and the Kara."
Информация из: “Yulu” (195-210) . Pascal Boyeldieu (2008) , Holger Tröbs, Eva Rothmaler and Kerstin Winkelmann · Rüdiger Köppe Verlag
"Il est parlé... au total, environ 10.000 locuteurs."
Central African Republic and the Republic of the Sudan [now in South Sudan].
"Il est parlé en République centrafricaine (région de Ouanda-Djallé) et au Soudan (régions de Raga et Rodom)..."
Информация из: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
Информация из: “A tribal history of the western Bahr El Ghazal” (229-246 ch. VII. Binga Kara Yulu) . Santandrea, Stefano (1964) Bologna: Editrice Nigrizia
"In 1946 they counted 234 TP [tax-payers] and 301 in 1952. Some Yulu remained behind the FEA [(former) French Equatorial Africa] and a few more passed over, during Sanusi's wars, to Darfur; but it is difficult to make even a rough estimate of their numbers. Some would say that in FEA they are as numerous as in the Bahr el Ghazal, but that is probably a gross exaggeration..."
"Close linguistic affinities and the statements of other tribes, suggest a common origin for Binga and Yulu, but both of them strongly disclaim any relationship between themselves... they were often at war with each other... This is almost the only western tribe that is known under its original name: Yulu... The Yulu are a fine race: of fairly good build, of strong independent character, hard workers on the whole... they have fairly numerous offspring, and together with the kindred Binga are on the increase... The Yulu are divided into many clans..."
"Their country is clearly shown on maps, across the western boundary: about half way between their present home and Ndele, the residence of their great enemy, the Sanusi. Kukpo, Nyamba (or Nyangba), Miringi, Wanda-Jale (or Jali) were their former homes... The Yulu are not autochthons of their present land. They came from the region of the Blue Nile, spending centuries on the way."
Информация из: “Compound verbs and modalities of process in Yulu (Central Sudanic)” (25-39) . Boyeldieu, Pascal (2007) , Reh, Mechthild and Payne, Doris L. · Rüdiger Köppe Verlag
"Spoken by small communities traditionally settled both in the Central African Republic (Préfecture de la Vakaga) and the Republic of the Sudan (Bahr-el Ghazal [now in South Sudan] and Southern Darfur Provinces)."
Информация из: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
"4,000 in Central African Republic (1996)."