Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Kashinawa, Kaxinawa, Tuxinawa, Caxinawa, Kashinawa Kaxinawá, Kaxinawá, Kaxynawa, Caxinawá, Cashinahuá, Kaxinauá, Kaxinaua, Hãtxa Kuĩ (Huni Kuin)
CLASSIFICATION		Pano-Tacanan, Mainline
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		cbs
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		The extinct Capanahua (Kapanawa) of the Juruá River is a dialect of Kashinawa of the Ibuaçu River not to be confused with Capanahua (Kapanawa) of the Tapiche River (obsolescent) (Fleck 2013.)
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (9)

Information from: “Confrontando registros e memórias sobre a língua e a cultura Huni Kui: de Capistrano de Abreu aos dias atuais” . de Lima Kaxinawá, Joaquim Paulo (2011)

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5253
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2008

PLACES: Brazil; Peru

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1150
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2400
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
750 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Crevels 2007).

400 in Brazil (2003). Ethnic population: 1,400 (2000 ISA).

DATE OF INFO: 2007 (Peru), 2003 (Brazil)

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

All children acquire the language. All ages.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish in Peru
Portuguese in Brazil

PLACES: Peru, Brazil

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Peru: Ucayali region: Curanja and Purus rivers.
Brazil: Acre and Amazonas states.

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100-999
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
750-1,000 speakers in Peru (more in Brazil)

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

All children acquire the language.

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

Bilingual schools, but sometimes the teachers are not native speakers of the language.

PLACES: Peru and Brazil

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Peru, along the rivers Curanja and Purus.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,000
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
5000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
1,600 [speakers] in Peru (2003).

DATE OF INFO: 2003

MORE ON VITALITY

The number of speakers is increasing.

PLACES: Brazil; Peru;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Ucayali Region, Curanja and Purus rivers.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Ucayali Region, Curanja and Purus rivers.

More on Orthography: In 2012, the Ministry of Education registered an official alphabet for Cashinahua (RD No. 0169-2012-ED). The Cashinahua people have two Cashinahua translators and interpreters registered with the Ministry of Culture.

PLACES: Peru; Brazil

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in the basins of the Curanja and Purús rivers in Purús Province in Ucayali Region, Peru, as well as in the basin of the Santa Rosa river in the state of Acre, Brazil.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5,457
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
5457
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
4500 speakers in Brazil and 957 speakers in Peru.

			Base de Datos de Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios						Lima, Peru		http://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/	Ministerio de Cultura															Peru; Brazil	Spoken in the basins of the Curanja and Purús rivers in Purús Province in Ucayali Region, Peru, as well as in the basin of the Santa Rosa river in the state of Acre, Brazil.
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																-10.5,-71.8333333333
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	5000	2000	2003	1000-9999	1,600 [speakers] in Peru (2003).			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		The number of speakers is increasing.		Ucayali Region, Curanja and Purus rivers.	Brazil; Peru;	Ucayali Region, Curanja and Purus rivers.
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas		http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		2400	1150	2007 (Peru), 2003 (Brazil)	1000-9999	750 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Ethnic population: 1,000 (Crevels 2007). 400 in Brazil (2003). Ethnic population: 1,400 (2000 ISA).	Spanish in Peru, Portuguese in Brazil		Vulnerable (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	All children acquire the language. All ages.	11	Peru: Ucayali region: Curanja and Purus rivers. Brazil: Acre and Amazonas states.	Peru, Brazil
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		10,000		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							-10.3581,-71.5869
		2011	Confrontando registros e memórias sobre a língua e a cultura Huni Kui: de Capistrano de Abreu aos dias atuais							Universidade de Brasília	http://repositorio.unb.br/bitstream/10482/9318/1/2011_JoaquimPaulodeLimaKaxinawa.pdf	de Lima Kaxinawá, Joaquim Paulo	Kaxinawá, Joaquim Paulo de Lima. 2011. Confrontando registros e memórias sobre a língua e a cultura Huni Kui: de Capistrano de Abreu aos dias atuais. Universidade de Brasilia. (MA thesis).			5253	2008	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Brazil; Peru
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge				Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD				100-999	750-1,000 speakers in Peru (more in Brazil)		Bilingual schools, but sometimes the teachers are not native speakers of the language.	Vulnerable (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	All children acquire the language.	10		Peru and Brazil	Peru, along the rivers Curanja and Purus.
			World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			2,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin			Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		5457	5,457		1000-9999	4500 speakers in Brazil and 957 speakers in Peru.			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Cashinahua

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5253

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1150

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100-999

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,457

Discussion

Cashinahua

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5253

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1150

Vulnerable

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100-999

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,457

Discussion

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Sources of information

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