Did you know Maliseet-Passamaquoddy is endangered?

ALSO KNOWN AS		Passamaquoddy-Maliseet, Malecite-Passamaquoddy, Pennacook, Maliseet, Malecite Cluster
CLASSIFICATION		Algic, Algonquian, Eastern Algonquian
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		pqm
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Maliseet Passamaquoddy
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~500
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
There are about 500 first-language speakers. Most of those in Maine are members of the Passamaquoddy tribe, while in Canada they identify themselves as Maliseet, but dialect differences between the two groups are minimal. The principal communities in Maine are Pleasant Point and Indian Township, with fewer than 100 fluent speakers between them. In New Brunswick there are 355 first-language speakers at Tobique, Woodstock, Kingsclear, St. Mary’s, and Oromocto; another 40 live elsewhere in Canada. There are also some speakers of both dialects residing with the Penobscots of Indian Island, at Old Town, Maine, and in an urban community in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Nearly all speakers are middle aged, with the most fluent in their 60s and older.

PLACES: USA; Canada

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in the St. Croix and St. John River valleys along the border between the state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide
CHILDREN
0

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: USA; Canada;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: northern Maine, several communities along the US-Canada border

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2060
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
3000-4000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
1100 in Canada" (2001 census); ethnic population from SIL (1998).

DATE OF INFO: 2001

PLACES: USA; Canada

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: New Brunswick, villages along Saint John River. Malecite mainly in Canada, Passamaquoddy in Maine, United States.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,655
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
975
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA; Canada;

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
590
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
5500?
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Canada: 490 (2011 census), ethnic population 3000 (1998 SIL).
US: 100 i(Golla 2007), ethnic population: 2500 (1997 K. Teeter).

DATE OF INFO: 2011 (Canada)

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Middle-aged or elderly.

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

Positive.

PLACES: Canada, USA

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Canada: New Brunswick province: Saint John river villages.
US: Maine: Indian Township and Pleasant Point.

PLACES: USA; Canada

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																45.0,-67.0
		2006	"Documentation of Under-Represented Genres of Passamaquoddy-Maliseet Linguistic Practice" HRELP Abstract							http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=84	England, Nora	England, Nora. 2006. ""Documentation of Under-Represented Genres of Passamaquoddy-Maliseet Linguistic Practice" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=84.			500		100-999		English		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA; Canada;	northern Maine, several communities along the US-Canada border
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	3000-4000	2060	2001	1000-9999	1100 in Canada" (2001 census); ethnic population from SIL (1998).			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA; Canada	New Brunswick, villages along Saint John River. Malecite mainly in Canada, Passamaquoddy in Maine, United States.
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		5500?	590	2011 (Canada)	100-999	Canada: 490 (2011 census), ethnic population 3000 (1998 SIL). US: 100 i(Golla 2007), ethnic population: 2500 (1997 K. Teeter).		Positive.	Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	Middle-aged or elderly.	14	Canada: New Brunswick province: Saint John river villages. US: Maine: Indian Township and Pleasant Point.	Canada, USA
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		975		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA; Canada;		44.9572,-67.0496
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.			~500		100-999	There are about 500 first-language speakers. Most of those in Maine are members of the Passamaquoddy tribe, while in Canada they identify themselves as Maliseet, but dialect differences between the two groups are minimal. The principal communities in Maine are Pleasant Point and Indian Township, with fewer than 100 fluent speakers between them. In New Brunswick there are 355 first-language speakers at Tobique, Woodstock, Kingsclear, St. Mary’s, and Oromocto; another 40 live elsewhere in Canada. There are also some speakers of both dialects residing with the Penobscots of Indian Island, at Old Town, Maine, and in an urban community in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Nearly all speakers are middle aged, with the most fluent in their 60s and older.			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA; Canada	Spoken in the St. Croix and St. John River valleys along the border between the state of Maine and the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.														USA; Canada		44.9572,-67.0496; 46.8023,-67.6686
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,655		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Maliseet-Passamaquoddy

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2060

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,655

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

975

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

590

Discussion

Maliseet-Passamaquoddy

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2060

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,655

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

975

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

590

Discussion

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