Did you know Malaccan Creole Portuguese is endangered?

ALSO KNOWN AS		Malaysian Creole Portuguese, Malaccan, Papia Kristang, Kristang, Portuguese Patois, Serani, Bahasa Serani, Bahasa Geragau, Malaqueiro, Malaquense, Malaquês, Malaquenho, Português de Malaca, Malayo-Portuguese, Moluccas Pidgin
CLASSIFICATION		Pidgin or Creole, Portuguese based
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mcm
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (6)

Information from: “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~2,150
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
10,000
YOUNG ADULTS
About a third
OLDER ADULTS
Most

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: Originally derived from Portuguese creole as spoken on the west coast of India, but with extensive local Malay lexical material; being replaced by Malaysian English. However, as a result of the new requirement for members of the group to speak the language in order to gain access to various benefits as bumiputra (indigenous) Malaysians, many non-speakers wish to learn it.

PLACES: Malaysia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southwest peninsular, Melaka (Malacca)

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,150
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Malaysia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Portuguese settlement in Melaka

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Speaker numbers refer to the Malacca area only and do not represent populations In other parts of Malaysia and Singapore.

PLACES: Malaysia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Kristang is spoken spoken in the Hilir suburb of Malacca (Bandar Hilir), West Malaysia and by descendants of the Malacca community elsewhere in Malaysia and Singapore.

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.															2.2, 102.25
			World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.					5,000	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub				2,150	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					2.1935, 102.256
		2004	A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)				Canberra: Pacific Linguistics 564			Alan Baxter and Patric de Silvia	Alan Baxter and Patric de Silvia. 2004. "A Dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese)." Canberra: Pacific Linguistics 564.					~1000	1000-9999	Speaker numbers refer to the Malacca area only and do not represent populations In other parts of Malaysia and Singapore.			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Malaysia	Kristang is spoken spoken in the Hilir suburb of Malacca (Bandar Hilir), West Malaysia and by descendants of the Malacca community elsewhere in Malaysia and Singapore.	2.1917093, 102.2512155
		2007	East and Southeast Asia	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	349-424	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge			David Bradley	Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	Most	10,000	About a third	~2,150	1000-9999		Malaysian English	Originally derived from Portuguese creole as spoken on the west coast of India, but with extensive local Malay lexical material; being replaced by Malaysian English. However, as a result of the new requirement for members of the group to speak the language in order to gain access to various benefits as bumiputra (indigenous) Malaysians, many non-speakers wish to learn it.	Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	14	Malaysia	Southwest peninsular, Melaka (Malacca)
		2011	"Documentation of Malaccan Portuguese Creole" HRELP Abstract						http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=271	Pillai, Stefanie	Pillai, Stefanie. 2011. ""Documentation of Malaccan Portuguese Creole" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=271.					1,000	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Malaysia	Portuguese settlement in Melaka

Malaccan Creole Portuguese

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~2,150

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,150

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1000

Discussion

Malaccan Creole Portuguese

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~2,150

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,150

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1000

Discussion

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