Endangered Languages Project

Alias		Geechee, Gullah, Sea Island Creole
KLASSIFIZIERUNG		English-based, Afro-Indigenous creole
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO
SPRACHENCODE		gul
VARIANTEN & DIALEKTE		Gullah Geechee Afro-Seminole
DOWNLOAD		Als csv
WEITERE RESSOURCEN		OLAC-Suche

Compare Sources (5)

Informationen von: “Personal communication regarding Geechee-Gullah” . Walt Wolfram (2021)

Sicher gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
300
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
200,000
HALBSPRECHER
5,000

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 2021

ORTE: Along the Atlantic coast from southeast North Carolina to northern Florida, but concentrated on the Sea Islands and in the cities of Savannah and Charleston (Wolfram, 2021)

Sicher gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

NUTZUNGSBEREICHE
ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG
SPRECHEREINSTELLUNG: Gullah-Geechee is a living language with an expanding sphere of use in the arts (Ranky Tanky won a Grammy), education (established curriculum at Harvard University), and social media (strong following on Twitter & TikTok). Native speakers now have access to drive the narrative of Gullah-Geechee rather than being described by outsiders. Local schools are incorporating the language and culture more, especially for cultural mediation.
INSTITUTIONELLE UNTERSTÜTZUNG: Harvard University

ORTE: Along the U.S. Atlantic low country from North Carolina to to northern Florida, in Texas, and in Mexico.

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Components of this language came from the Guinea Coast and Sierra Leone, colonial American English, and Indigenous communities of the region. It is mutually intelligible with Bahamian Creole, due to shared ancestry, particularly of European and African resettlement from South Carolina to the Bahamas in the late 18th century.

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

NUTZUNGSBEREICHE
ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG
SPRECHEREINSTELLUNG: Proud of their language and culture, willing to share it in community activities and public festivals; enthusiastically pressing on from reading to speaking; economically capitalizing on artistic, culinary, historical, and linguistic aspects of the culture (Campbell, 2011)
UNTERSTÜTZUNG DER REGIERUNG: Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor Commission (U.S. National Park Service)
INSTITUTIONELLE UNTERSTÜTZUNG: The Penn Center
ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

ORTE: Gullah Geechee communities are found along the U.S. Atlantic low country from North Carolina to to northern Florida, and in Northeastern U.S. cities. Afro-Seminole Creole is spoken by Black Seminole communities are found in Oklahoma (Seminole Freedmen), Texas (Scouts), northern Mexico (Mascogos), the Bahamas, and Cuba. (Campbell, 2011)

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

NUTZUNGSBEREICHE
ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG
SPRECHEREINSTELLUNG: Past negative stereotypes and misconceptions discouraged some older speakers from passing Gullah on to their descendants, for fear outsiders would ridicule them. Now Gullah functions as a significant marker of culture, history, and identity in the communities where it is spoken. There is a concerted effort to preserve and promote the language and culture through storytelling, Bible translation, heritage tours, music festivals, and other initiatives. (Weldon, 2006)
UNTERSTÜTZUNG DER REGIERUNG: Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor Commission (U.S. National Park Service)
INSTITUTIONELLE UNTERSTÜTZUNG: The Penn Center
ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

ORTE: Gullah is spoken along the U.S. south Atlantic coastline from Sandy Island near Georgetown, South Caroline to St. Simmons and St. Marys, Georgia; possibly from North Carolina to upper Florida. The Afro-Seminole dialect is spoken by the descendants of those who fled South Carolina and Georgia to Florida, then were exiled to Oklahoma in the 1830s. (Weldon, 2006)

ORTE: Gullahs live along the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coastline, from the northern tip of North Carolina to Jacksonville, Florida; especially in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia and the bordering mainland low country areas. Some Gullah-speaking black Seminoles were forced out of northern Florida in the 1830s and relocated to central Oklahoma, western Texas, and northern Mexico. (Hopkins, 2006)

			2021	Personal communication regarding Geechee-Gullah									Walt Wolfram	200,000	300	2021	100-999	5,000					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				Along the Atlantic coast from southeast North Carolina to northern Florida, but concentrated on the Sea Islands and in the cities of Savannah and Charleston (Wolfram, 2021)
	September		2021	Personal Communication re: Gullah-Geechee			We spoke via video call.						Sunn m'Cheux								Gullah-Geechee is a living language with an expanding sphere of use in the arts (Ranky Tanky won a Grammy), education (established curriculum at Harvard University), and social media (strong following on Twitter & TikTok). Native speakers now have access to drive the narrative of Gullah-Geechee rather than being described by outsiders. Local schools are incorporating the language and culture more, especially for cultural mediation.	Harvard University	Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	14	15	Along the U.S. Atlantic low country from North Carolina to to northern Florida, in Texas, and in Mexico.	Components of this language came from the Guinea Coast and Sierra Leone, colonial American English, and Indigenous communities of the region. It is mutually intelligible with Bahamian Creole, due to shared ancestry, particularly of European and African resettlement from South Carolina to the Bahamas in the late 18th century.
978-0-08-087774-7		1st	2006	Gullah	Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World	470-471		Keith Brown and Sarah Ogilvie	Elsevier Ltd.				T. Hopkins														Gullahs live along the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coastline, from the northern tip of North Carolina to Jacksonville, Florida; especially in the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia and the bordering mainland low country areas. Some Gullah-speaking black Seminoles were forced out of northern Florida in the 1830s and relocated to central Oklahoma, western Texas, and northern Mexico. (Hopkins, 2006)
9781469616636		1st	2006	Gullah	The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture	69-71		Michael Montgomery and Ellen Johnson	University of North Carolina Press		5: Language		Tracey L. Weldon						English	Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor Commission (U.S. National Park Service)	Past negative stereotypes and misconceptions discouraged some older speakers from passing Gullah on to their descendants, for fear outsiders would ridicule them. Now Gullah functions as a significant marker of culture, history, and identity in the communities where it is spoken. There is a concerted effort to preserve and promote the language and culture through storytelling, Bible translation, heritage tours, music festivals, and other initiatives. (Weldon, 2006)	The Penn Center	Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	14	14	Gullah is spoken along the U.S. south Atlantic coastline from Sandy Island near Georgetown, South Caroline to St. Simmons and St. Marys, Georgia; possibly from North Carolina to upper Florida. The Afro-Seminole dialect is spoken by the descendants of those who fled South Carolina and Georgia to Florida, then were exiled to Oklahoma in the 1830s. (Weldon, 2006)
			2011	Gullah Geechee culture: Respected, understood and striving: Sixty years after Lorenzo Dow Turner's masterpiece, Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect	The living legacy of Lorenzo Dow Turner: The first African-American linguist	77-84			Taylor & Francis, Ltd.	The Black Scholar	41(1)	doi:10.5816/blackscholar.41.1.0077	Emory S. Campbell						English	Gullah Geechee Cultural Heritage Corridor Commission (U.S. National Park Service)	Proud of their language and culture, willing to share it in community activities and public festivals; enthusiastically pressing on from reading to speaking; economically capitalizing on artistic, culinary, historical, and linguistic aspects of the culture (Campbell, 2011)	The Penn Center	Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	14	14	Gullah Geechee communities are found along the U.S. Atlantic low country from North Carolina to to northern Florida, and in Northeastern U.S. cities. Afro-Seminole Creole is spoken by Black Seminole communities are found in Oklahoma (Seminole Freedmen), Texas (Scouts), northern Mexico (Mascogos), the Bahamas, and Cuba. (Campbell, 2011)

Gullah-Geechee

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Sicher gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300

Sicher gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Diskussion

Gullah-Geechee

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Sicher gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300

Sicher gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Diskussion

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