An artlcle at Dialogue Earth about how climate-induced disasters are forcing people to migrate ou
Also Known As:
Torwālī, Turvali, Dardu
Dialects & Varieties
- Bahrain
- Chail
Indo-iranian Frontier Languages
Elena Bashir. 2006. "Indo-iranian Frontier Languages." In Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/indo-iranian-frontier-languages-a….
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
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Second-language speakers and learners
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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Young adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
Since Urdu became the national language of Pakistan in 1947 and increasingly functions as the country’s lingua franca, it has replaced Persian as a compulsory language in the curriculum. From the 1980s the presence of Persian in the educational system became negligible. Despite this, a significant influx of additional Perso-Arabic words has entered the lexicons of all the languages of Pakistan through Urdu.
Location and Context
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Location Description
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Government Support
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Institutional Support
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Speakers' Attitude
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Other Languages Used By The Community
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Number of Other Language Speakers:
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Domains of Other Languages:
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Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
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Writing system:
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Comments on writing systems:
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Recent Resources
Language in Society
Language Documentation, Research, and Archiving
This is a research paper on the Dardic origin of Swat which is not known to many.
The areas where these languages are spoken comprise of the mountainous northern parts of the northwe
