Also Known As:
Toratán, Bentenan, Pasan
Dialects & Varieties
Australia and the Pacific
Wurm, Stephen A. 2007. Australia and the Pacific. In Christopher Moseley, Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn., 424-557. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X
Severely Endangered
40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 4
Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.
4
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
a few thousand
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
30,000 in 1989
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
The language is evidently on the way to being seriously endangered from pressure of Minahasan languages surrounding it.
Location and Context
Countries
Indonesia: Sulawesi
Location Description
Spoken in the northeastern section of the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, extending to the southern coast of the northern peninsula.
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
None
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
Somer literacy in it.
Recent Resources
Informative message
No results found.