Stories

Recent Resources

Severely Endangered
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1,500
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 4

Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.

4
Transmission

Transmission 4

Many of the grandparent generation speak the language, but younger people generally do not.

4

Revitalization Programs

Community Members

Forums

Bibliography

Bibliography of Vitality:
Kastenholz, Raimund. 1998. "Language Shift and Language Death Among Mande Blacksmiths and Leatherworkers in the Diaspora." In Endangered languages in Africa, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 253-266. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Bibliography of Locations:
Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)
Bibliography of Context:
Kastenholz, Raimund. 1998. "Language Shift and Language Death Among Mande Blacksmiths and Leatherworkers in the Diaspora." In Endangered languages in Africa, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 253-266. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.