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Dunan grammar (Yonaguni Ryukyuan)

Yamada, Masahiro, Pellard, Thomas, & Shimoji, Michinori. (2015). Dunan grammar (Yonaguni Ryukyuan). In Heinrich, Patrick, Miyara, Shinsho, & Shimoji, Michinori. (Eds.), Handbook of the Ryukyuan languages : history, structure, and use (449-478) . De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781614511151

Severely Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
About Vitality Level
~400
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 4

Less than half of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing at an accelerated pace.

4
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 4

Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.

4
Transmission

Transmission 4

Many of the grandparent generation speak the language, but younger people generally do not.

4
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Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
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Second-language speakers and learners
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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
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Young adults
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Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
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Location and Context
Countries
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Location Description

Yongauni Island is the westernmost island in Japan, halfway between Iriomote island and Taiwan. It is part of the Yaeyama district of Okinawa prefecture. The area of the island is 28.91 square kilometers.

Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
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Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
Japanese
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None

Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
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Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
"A few Dunan texts in phonemic script with word-by-word glosses in Japanese can be found in Hirayama and Nakamoto (1964, with accompanying sonosheets), Shibata (1972, with audio tapes and a re-edition as CD-ROMs), and Kajiku (2002). Fukuda et al. (1983) is the largest collection of Dunan texts, but it adopts an inconsistent orthography and has no glosses but only free translations in Japanese."

Community Members