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State-of-the-Art in the Development of the Lokono Language

State-of-the-Art in the Development of the Lokono Language

Severely Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
About Vitality Level
<2,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 5

A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.

5
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 4

Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.

4
Transmission

Transmission 4

Many of the grandparent generation speak the language, but younger people generally do not.

4
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Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
A sizeable community
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
No results found.
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
"Amerindian languages in Suriname do not have an official status. Lokono, together with other Amerindian
languages, is recognized as a regional language in Guyana. In French Guiana, Lokono, together with other Amerindian and Maroon languages, at least theoretically, has the status of a regional language of France. Despite clear differences between the three countries, in none of them is there an actual implemented language policy aimed at sustaining and developing the Lokono language."

Location and Context
Countries
French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana
Location Description

"Geographically, the Lokono people live in the pericoastal villages (indicated in red [on map in article]) as well as in the three capital cities of the Guianas: Cayenne, Paramaribo and Georgetown. According to an unpublished report by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (2002), there is also a small Lokono community in Venezuela, not far from the Guyanese border. Finally, there is also a sizable community of Lokono people living in the Netherlands who emigrated from Suriname in the last few decades for economic, educational, and political reasons. Patte (2014) also mentions an expatriate Lokono community in Great Britain."

Government Support
Limited
Institutional Support
No results found.
Speakers' Attitude
"In the settlements themselves in all three countries, there is support for language revitalization, especially among the adult ethnic Lokono who do not speak the language anymore (including the expatriates in the Netherlands). However, not many Lokono actively participate in the attempts at revitalizing the language. The Lokono are not ashamed anymore of speaking their language publicly, although this hardly ever happens due to the limited number of fluent speakers."
Other Languages Used By The Community
None
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None

Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
Roman-based
Other writing systems used:
Other Roman-based
Comments on writing systems:
"The existing grammatical descriptions leave much to be desired and the existing literacy materials in Lokono have reached very few speakers. Only in 2010 have steps been taken by the community to standardize and popularize the Lokono writing system in the three Guianas."

Community Members