Language Information by Source

Personal communication

Personal communication

Speakers

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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
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Young adults
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Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
"Kuikuro e Kalapalo são variedades da mesma língua, que eu batizei como "Língua Karib do Alto Xingu (LKAX)". E temos o Uagihütü (ou Matipu antigo), variedade irmã do Kuikuro; e o Nahukwa, que mantém com Kalapalo a mesma relação existente entre Kuikuro e Matipu, e que falado também pelos Matipu (atuais). É um quadro complexo e intricado, fruto de uma longa história, nos últimos 2 séculos, pelo menos, de fissões, fusões, depopulação até os anos 50 (do século passado). A rede (network) de casamentos e intercâmbios entre os Karib alto-xinguanos foi e é intensa, inclusive em termos linguísticos. Não temos aqui somente questões de semelhanças e diferenças "dialetais", mas quatro grupos locais que marcam suas identidades sócio-políticas por meio de sutis diferenças linguísticas, principalmente de natureza prosódica, nos domínios da palavra e do sintagma (phrase). E temos a confusão dos etnônimos: Kuikuro, Kalapalo, Matipu e Nahukwa são heterônimos, atribuídos por outros povos ou pelos Brancos em determinados momentos da história do contato entre índios e Brancos, e que se fossilizaram como etnônimos para e pelos Brancos."

[Kuikuro and Kalapalo are varieties of the same language, which I christened "Karib Language of the Upper Xingu (LKAX)". And we have the Uagihütü (or Old Matipu), sister variety of Kuikuro; and Nahukwá, who have the same relationship with Kalapalo that exists between Kuikuro and Matipu, and also spoken by the (current) Matipu. It is a complex and intricate picture, the result of a long history in the last two centuries, at least, of fissions, fusions, depopulation until the '50s (of the last century). The network of weddings and exchanges between the Karibs of the Upper Xingu was and is intense, even in linguistic terms. We do not have here only issues of “dialectal” similarities and differences, but four local groups who chart their socio-political identities by subtle linguistic differences, mainly of prosodic nature, in the sphere of the word and phrase. And we have the confusion of ethnonyms: Kuikuro, Kalapalo, Matipu, and Nahukwá are exonyms, assigned by other people or by the Whites at certain times in the history of contact between Indians and Whites, and which became fossilized as ethnonyms for and by the Whites.]

Location and Context

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Speakers' Attitude
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Other Languages Used By The Community
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Number of Other Language Speakers:
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Domains of Other Languages:
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Writing Systems

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